tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41106564633618758992024-03-12T06:51:20.967+02:00Socialism vs CapitalismJohn Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.comBlogger90125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-35525729964673143832019-07-17T00:05:00.000+03:002019-07-17T00:17:38.047+03:00"Apollo 11: A Symbol of Man's Greatness" by Ayn Rand<div>
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This essay was originally published in the September 1969 issue of <em>The Objectivist</em> and later anthologized in <em>The Voice of Reason: Essays in Objectivist Thought</em> (1989).</blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;">"Apollo 11: A Symbol of Man's Greatness" by Ayn Rand </span><br />
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“No matter what discomforts and expenses you had to bear to come here,” said a NASA guide to a group of guests, at the conclusion of a tour of the Space Center on Cape Kennedy, on July 15, 1969, “there will be seven minutes tomorrow morning that will make you feel it was worth it.”</blockquote>
The tour had been arranged for the guests invited by NASA to attend the launching of Apollo 11. As far as I was able to find out, the guests — apart from government officials and foreign dignitaries — were mainly scientists, industrialists, and a few intellectuals who had been selected to represent the American people and culture on this occasion. If this was the standard of selection, I am happy and proud that I was one of these guests.<br />
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The NASA tour guide was a slight, stocky, middle-aged man who wore glasses and spoke — through a microphone, at the front of the bus — in the mild, gentle, patient manner of a schoolteacher. He reminded me of television’s Mr. Peepers — until he took off his glasses and I took a closer look at his face: he had unusual, intensely intelligent eyes.<br />
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The Space Center is an enormous place that looks like an untouched wilderness cut, incongruously, by a net of clean, new, paved roads: stretches of wild, subtropical growth, an eagle’s nest in a dead tree, an alligator in a stagnant moat — and, scattered at random, in the distance, a few vertical shafts rising from the jungle, slender structures of a shape peculiar to the technology of space, which do not belong to the age of the jungle or even fully to ours.<br />
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The discomfort was an inhuman, brain-melting heat. The sky was a sunless spread of glaring white, and the physical objects seemed to glare so that the mere sensation of sight became an effort. We kept plunging into an oven, when the bus stopped and we ran to modern, air-conditioned buildings that looked quietly unobtrusive and militarily efficient, then plunging back into the air-conditioned bus as into a pool. Our guide kept talking and explaining, patiently, courteously, conscientiously, but his heart was not in it, and neither was ours, even though the things he showed us would have been fascinating at any other time. The reason was not the heat; it was as if nothing could register on us, as if we were out of focus, or, rather, focused too intently and irresistibly on the event of the following day.<br />
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It was the guide who identified it, when he announced: “And now we’ll show you what you <em>really</em> want to see” — and we were driven to the site of Apollo 11.<br />
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The “VIP’s” tumbled out of the bus like tourists and rushed to photograph one another, with the giant rocket a few hundred yards away in the background. But some just stood and looked.<br />
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I felt a kind of awe, but it was a purely theoretical awe; I had to remind myself: “This is it,” in order to experience any emotion. Visually it was just another rocket, the kind you can see in any science-fiction movie or on any toy counter: a tall, slender shape of dead, powdery white against the white glare of the sky and the steel lacing of the service tower. There were sharp black lines encircling the white body at intervals — and our guide explained matter-of-factly that these marked the stages that would be burned off in tomorrow’s firings. This made the meaning of the rocket more real for an instant. But the fact that the lunar module, as he told us, was already installed inside the small, slanted part way on top of the rocket, just under the still smaller, barely visible spacecraft itself, would not become fully real; it seemed too small, too far away from us, and, simultaneously, too close: I could not quite integrate it with the parched stubble of grass under our feet, with its wholesomely usual touches of litter, with the psychedelic colors of the shirts on the tourists snapping pictures.<br />
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Tomorrow, our guide explained, we would be sitting on bleachers three miles away; he warned us that the sound of the blast would reach us some seconds later than the sight, and assured us that it would be loud, but not unbearable.<br />
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I do not know that guide’s actual work at the Space Center, and I do not know by what imperceptible signs he gave me the impression that he was a man in love with his work. It was only that concluding remark of his, later, at the end of the tour, that confirmed my impression. In a certain way, he set, for me, the tone of the entire occasion: the sense of what lay under the surface of the seemingly commonplace activities.<br />
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My husband and I were staying in Titusville, a tiny frontier settlement — the frontier of science — built and inhabited predominantly by the Space Center’s employees. It was just like any small town, perhaps a little newer and cleaner — except that ten miles away, across the bluish spread of the Indian River, one could see the foggy, bluish, rectangular shape of the Space Center’s largest structure, the Vehicle Assembly Building, and, a little farther away, two faint vertical shafts: Apollo 11 and its service tower. No matter what one looked at in that town, one could not really see anything else.<br />
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I noticed only that Titusville had many churches, too many, and that they had incredible, modernistic forms. Architecturally, they reminded me of the more extreme types of Hollywood drive-ins: a huge, cone-shaped roof, with practically no walls to support it — or an erratic conglomeration of triangles, like a coral bush gone wild — or a fairy-tale candy-house, with S-shaped windows dripping at random like gobs of frosting. I may be mistaken about this, but I had the impression that here, on the doorstep of the future, religion felt out of place and this was the way it was trying to be modern.<br />
Since all the motels of Titusville were crowded beyond capacity, we had rented a room in a private home: as their contribution to the great event, many of the local homeowners had volunteered to help their chamber of commerce with the unprecedented flood of visitors. Our room was in the home of an engineer employed at the Space Center. It was a nice, gracious family, and one might have said a typical small-town family, except for one thing: a quality of cheerful openness, directness, almost innocence — the benevolent, unself-consciously self-confident quality of those who live in the clean, strict, reality-oriented atmosphere of science.<br />
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On the morning of July 16, we got up at 3 a.m. in order to reach the NASA Guest Center by 6 a.m., a distance that a car traveled normally in ten minutes. (Special buses were to pick up the guests at that Center, for the trip to the launching.) But Titusville was being engulfed by such a flood of cars that even the police traffic department could not predict whether one would be able to move through the streets that morning. We reached the Guest Center long before sunrise, thanks to the courtesy of our hostess, who drove us there through twisting back streets.<br />
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On the shore of the Indian River, we saw cars, trucks, trailers filling every foot of space on both sides of the drive, in the vacant lots, on the lawns, on the river’s sloping embankment. There were tents perched at the edge of the water; there were men and children sleeping on the roofs of station wagons, in the twisted positions of exhaustion; I saw a half-naked man asleep in a hammock strung between a car and a tree. These people had come from all over the country to watch the launching across the river, miles away. (We heard later that the same patient, cheerful human flood had spread through all the small communities around Cape Kennedy that night, and that it numbered one million persons.) I could not understand why these people would have such an intense desire to witness just a few brief moments; some hours later, I understood it.<br />
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It was still dark as we drove along the river. The sky and the water were a solid spread of dark blue that seemed soft, cold, and empty. But, framed by the motionless black leaves of the trees on the embankment, two things marked off the identity of the sky and the earth: far above in the sky, there was a single, large star; and on earth, far across the river, two enormous sheaves of white light stood shooting motionlessly into the empty darkness from two tiny upright shafts of crystal that looked like glowing icicles; they were Apollo 11 and its service tower.<br />
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It was dark when a caravan of buses set out at 7 A.M. on the journey to the Space Center. The light came slowly, beyond the steam-veiled windows, as we moved laboriously through back streets and back roads. No one asked any questions; there was a kind of tense solemnity about that journey, as if we were caught in the backwash of the enormous discipline of an enormous purpose and were now carried along on the power of an invisible authority.<br />
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It was full daylight — a broiling, dusty, hazy daylight — when we stepped out of the buses. The launch site looked big and empty like a desert; the bleachers, made of crude, dried planks, seemed small, precariously fragile and irrelevant, like a hasty footnote. Three miles away, the shaft of Apollo 11 looked a dusty white again, like a tired cigarette planted upright.<br />
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The worst part of the trip was that last hour and a quarter, which we spent sitting on wooden planks in the sun. There was a crowd of seven thousand people filling the stands, there was the cool, clear, courteous voice of a loudspeaker rasping into sound every few minutes, keeping us informed of the progress of the countdown (and announcing, somewhat dutifully, the arrival of some prominent government personage, which did not seem worth the effort of turning one’s head to see), but all of it seemed unreal. The full reality was only the vast empty space, above and below, and the tired white cigarette in the distance.<br />
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The sun was rolling up and straight at our faces, like a white ball wrapped in dirty cotton. But beyond the haze, the sky was clear — which meant that we would be able to see the whole of the launching, including the firing of the second and third stages.<br />
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Let me warn you that television does not give any idea of what we saw. Later, I saw that launching again on color television, and it did not resemble the original.<br />
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The loudspeaker began counting the minutes when there were only five left. When I heard: “Three-quarters of a minute,” I was up, standing on the wooden bench, and do not remember hearing the rest.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeaSZFnm50Z358UCHNRY2LL6xrC8gBkElScy8zslKBkFt_iPw2KHi2ajL79PguABRUzfuRFCltEtZcqR3ADYwkwRvwe5BGInbLFKj2Z3_47N-Qj8LAvpdZ1OXVDtfVu1H6cSsnB7OEN0Q/s1600/original+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeaSZFnm50Z358UCHNRY2LL6xrC8gBkElScy8zslKBkFt_iPw2KHi2ajL79PguABRUzfuRFCltEtZcqR3ADYwkwRvwe5BGInbLFKj2Z3_47N-Qj8LAvpdZ1OXVDtfVu1H6cSsnB7OEN0Q/s320/original+%25283%2529.jpg" width="304" /></a>It began with a large patch of bright, yellow-orange flame shooting sideways from under the base of the rocket. It looked like a normal kind of flame and I felt an instant’s shock of anxiety, as if this were a building on fire. In the next instant the flame and the rocket were hidden by such a sweep of dark red fire that the anxiety vanished: this was not part of any normal experience and could not be integrated with anything. The dark red fire parted into two gigantic wings, as if a hydrant were shooting streams of fire outward and up, toward the zenith — and between the two wings, against a pitch-black sky, the rocket rose slowly, so slowly that it seemed to hang still in the air, a pale cylinder with a blinding oval of white light at the bottom, like an upturned candle with its flame directed at the earth. Then I became aware that this was happening in total silence, because I heard the cries of birds winging frantically away from the flames. The rocket was rising faster, slanting a little, its tense white flame leaving a long, thin spiral of bluish smoke behind it. It had risen into the open blue sky, and the dark red fire had turned into enormous billows of brown smoke, when the sound reached us: it was a long, violent crack, not a rolling sound, but specifically a cracking, grinding sound, as if space were breaking apart, but it seemed irrelevant and unimportant, because it was a sound from the past and the rocket was long since speeding safely out of its reach — though it was strange to realize that only a few seconds had passed. I found myself waving to the rocket involuntarily, I heard people applauding and joined them, grasping our common motive; it was impossible to watch passively, one had to express, by some physical action, a feeling that was not triumph, but more: the feeling that that white object’s unobstructed streak of motion was the only thing that mattered in the universe. The rocket was almost above our heads when a sudden flare of yellow-gold fire seemed to envelop it — I felt a stab of anxiety, the thought that something had gone wrong, then heard a burst of applause and realized that this was the firing of the second stage. When the loud, space-cracking sound reached us, the fire had turned into a small puff of white vapor floating away. At the firing of the third stage, the rocket was barely visible; it seemed to be shrinking and descending; there was a brief spark, a white puff of vapor, a distant crack — and when the white puff dissolved, the rocket was gone.<br />
These were the seven minutes.<br />
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What did one feel afterward? An abnormal, tense overconcentration on the commonplace necessities of the immediate moment, such as stumbling over patches of rough gravel, running to find the appropriate guest bus. One had to overconcentrate, because one knew that one did not give a damn about anything, because one had no mind and no motivation left for any immediate action. How do you descend from a state of pure exaltation?<br />
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What we had seen, in naked essentials — but in reality, not in a work of art — was the concretized abstraction of man’s greatness.<br />
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The meaning of the sight lay in the fact that when those dark red wings of fire flared open, one knew that one was not looking at a normal occurrence, but at a cataclysm which, if unleashed by nature, would have wiped man out of existence — and one knew also that this cataclysm was planned, unleashed, and <em>controlled</em> by man, that this unimaginable power was ruled by <em>his</em> power and, obediently serving his purpose, was making way for a slender, rising craft. One knew that this spectacle was not the product of inanimate nature, like some aurora borealis, or of chance, or of luck, that it was unmistakably human — with “human,’’ for once, meaning <em>grandeur</em> — that a purpose and a long, sustained, disciplined effort had gone to achieve this series of moments, and that man was succeeding, succeeding, succeeding! For once, if only for seven minutes, the worst among those who saw it had to feel — not “How small is man by the side of the Grand Canyon!” — but “How great is man and how safe is nature when he conquers it!”<br />
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That we had seen a demonstration of man at his best, no one could doubt — this was the cause of the event’s attraction and of the stunned, numbed state in which it left us. And no one could doubt that we had seen an achievement of man in his capacity as a rational being — an achievement of reason, of logic, of mathematics, of total dedication to the absolutism of reality. How many people would connect these two facts, I do not know.<br />
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The next four days were a period torn out of the world’s usual context, like a breathing spell with a sweep of clean air piercing mankind’s lethargic suffocation. For thirty years or longer, the newspapers had featured nothing but disasters, catastrophes, betrayals, the shrinking stature of men, the sordid mess of a collapsing civilization; their voice had become a long, sustained whine, the megaphone of failure, like the sound of an oriental bazaar where leprous beggars, of spirit or matter, compete for attention by displaying their sores. Now, for once, the newspapers were announcing a human achievement, were reporting on a human triumph, were reminding us that man still exists and functions as man.<br />
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Those four days conveyed the sense that we were watching a magnificent work of art — a play dramatizing a single theme: the efficacy of man’s mind. One after another, the crucial, dangerous maneuvers of Apollo 11’s flight were carried out according to plan, with what appeared to be an effortless perfection. They reached us in the form of brief, rasping sounds relayed from space to Houston and from Houston to our television screens, sounds interspersed with computerized figures, translated for us by commentators who, for once, by contagion, lost their usual manner of snide equivocation and spoke with compelling clarity.<br />
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The most confirmed evader in the worldwide audience could not escape the fact that these sounds announced events taking place far beyond the earth’s atmosphere — that while he moaned about his loneliness and “alienation” and fear of entering an unknown cocktail party, three men were floating in a fragile capsule in the unknown darkness and loneliness of space, with earth and moon suspended like little tennis balls behind and ahead of them, and with their lives suspended on the microscopic threads connecting numbers on their computer panels in consequence of the invisible connections made well in advance by man’s brain — that the more effortless their performance appeared, the more it proclaimed the magnitude of the effort expended to project it and achieve it — that no feelings, wishes, urges, instincts, or lucky “conditioning,” either in these three men or in all those behind them, from highest thinker to lowliest laborer who touched a bolt of that spacecraft, could have achieved this incomparable feat — that we were watching the embodied concretization of a single faculty of man: his rationality.<br />
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There was an aura of triumph about the entire mission of Apollo 11, from the perfect launch to the climax. An assurance of success was growing in the wake of the rocket through the four days of its moon-bound flight. No, not because success was guaranteed — it is never guaranteed to man — but because a progression of evidence was displaying the precondition of success: these men know what they are doing.<br />
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No event in contemporary history was as thrilling, here on earth, as three moments of the mission’s climax: the moment when, superimposed over the image of a garishly colored imitation-module standing motionless on the television screen, there flashed the words: “Lunar module has landed” — the moment when the faint, gray shape of the actual module came shivering from the moon to the screen — and the moment when the shining white blob which was Neil Armstrong took his immortal first step. At this last, I felt one instant of unhappy fear, wondering what he would say, because he had it in his power to destroy the meaning and the glory of that moment, as the astronauts of Apollo 8 had done in their time. He did not. He made no reference to God; he did not undercut the rationality of his achievement by paying tribute to the forces of its opposite; he spoke of man. “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” So it was.<br />
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As to my personal reaction to the entire mission of Apollo 11, I can express it best by paraphrasing a passage from <em>Atlas Shrugged</em> that kept coming back to my mind: “Why did I feel that joyous sense of confidence while watching the mission? In all of its giant course, two aspects pertaining to the inhuman were radiantly absent: the causeless and the purposeless. Every part of the mission was an embodied answer to ‘Why?’ and ‘What for?’ — like the steps of a life-course chosen by the sort of mind I worship. The mission was a moral code enacted in space.”<br />
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Now, coming back to earth (as it is at present), I want to answer briefly some questions that will arise in this context. Is it proper for the government to engage in space projects? No, it is not — except insofar as space projects involve military aspects, in which case, and to that extent, it is not merely proper but mandatory. Scientific research as such, however, is not the proper province of the government.<br />
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But this is a political issue; it pertains to the money behind the lunar mission or to the method of obtaining that money, and to the project’s administration; it does not affect the nature of the mission as such, it does not alter the fact that this was a superlative technological achievement.<br />
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In judging the effectiveness of the various elements involved in any large-scale undertaking of a mixed economy, one must be guided by the question: which elements were the result of coercion and which the result of freedom? It is not coercion, not the physical force or threat of a gun, that created Apollo 11. The scientists, the technologists, the engineers, the astronauts were free men acting of their own choice. The various parts of the spacecraft were produced by private industrial concerns. Of all human activities, science is the field least amenable to force: the facts of reality do not take orders. (This is one of the reasons why science perishes under dictatorships, though technology may survive for a short while.)<br />
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It is said that without the “unlimited” resources of the government, such an enormous project would not have been undertaken. No, it would not have been — <em>at this time</em> . But it would have been, when the economy was ready for it. There is a precedent for this situation. The first transcontinental railroad of the United States was built by order of the government, on government subsidies. It was hailed as a great achievement (which, in some respects, it was). But it caused economic dislocations and political evils, for the consequences of which we are paying to this day in many forms.<br />
If the government deserves any credit for the space program, it is only to the extent that it did not act as a government, i.e., did not use coercion in regard to its participants (which it used in regard to its backers, i.e., the taxpayers). And what is relevant in this context (but is not to be taken as a justification or endorsement of a mixed economy) is the fact that of all our government programs, the space program is the cleanest and best: it, at least, has brought the American citizens a return on their forced investment, it has worked for its money, it has earned its keep, which cannot be said about any other program of the government.<br />
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There is, however, a shameful element in the ideological motivation (or the publicly alleged motivation) that gave birth to our space program: John F. Kennedy’s notion of a space competition between the United States and Soviet Russia.<br />
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A competition presupposes some basic principles held in common by all the competitors, such as the rules of the game in athletics, or the functions of the free market in business. The notion of a competition between the United States and Soviet Russia in any field whatsoever is obscene: they are incommensurable entities, intellectually and morally. What would you think of a competition between a doctor and a murderer to determine who could affect the greatest number of people? Or: a competition between Thomas A. Edison and Al Capone to see who could get rich quicker?<br />
The fundamental significance of Apollo 11’s triumph is not political; it is philosophical; specifically, moral-epistemological.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVl5laZ2lxjVDEnlNfH-XdZRHNYIe70cQPP6rVEBgRuD5napOkqwD2yqdglClKdpJUmwTJjzV38617DLqR8tcgVFoe0lBOw3D1FYNFipt8DbSlOnhjKZmiDAJT6NLmjDlxKArGLDN87J4/s1600/original.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVl5laZ2lxjVDEnlNfH-XdZRHNYIe70cQPP6rVEBgRuD5napOkqwD2yqdglClKdpJUmwTJjzV38617DLqR8tcgVFoe0lBOw3D1FYNFipt8DbSlOnhjKZmiDAJT6NLmjDlxKArGLDN87J4/s640/original.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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The lunar landing as such was not a milestone of science, but of technology. Technology is an applied science, i.e., it translates the discoveries of theoretical science into practical application to man’s life. As such, technology is not the first step in the development of a given body of knowledge, but the last; it is not the most difficult step, but it is the ultimate step, the implicit purpose, of man’s quest for knowledge.<br />
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The lunar landing was not the greatest achievement of science, but its greatest visible result. The greatest achievements of science are invisible: they take place in a man’s mind; they occur in the form of a connection integrating a broad range of phenomena. The astronaut of an earlier mission who remarked that his spacecraft was driven by Sir Isaac Newton understood this issue. (And if I may be permitted to amend that remark, I would say that Sir Isaac Newton was the copilot of the flight; the pilot was Aristotle.) In this sense, the lunar landing was a first step, a beginning, in regard to the moon, but it was a last step, an end product, in regard to the earth — the end product of a long, intellectual-scientific development.<br />
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This does not diminish in any way the intellectual stature, power, or achievement of the technologists and the astronauts; it merely indicates that they were the worthy recipients of an illustrious heritage, who made full use of it by the exercise of their own individual ability. (The fact that man is the only species capable of transmitting knowledge and thus capable of progress, the fact that man can achieve a division of labor, and the fact that large numbers of men are required for a large-scale undertaking, do not mean what some creeps are suggesting: that achievement has become collective.)<br />
I am not implying that all the men who contributed to the flight of Apollo 11 were necessarily rational in every aspect of their lives or convictions. But in their various professional capacities — each to the extent that he did contribute to the mission — they had to act on the principle of strict rationality.<br />
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The most inspiring aspect of Apollo 11’s flight was that it made such abstractions as rationality, knowledge, science perceivable in direct, immediate experience. That it involved a landing on another celestial body was like a dramatist’s emphasis on the dimensions of reason’s power: it is not of enormous importance to most people that man lands on the moon, but that man <em>can</em> do it, is.<br />
This was the cause of the world’s response to the flight of Apollo 11.<br />
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Frustration is the leitmotif in the lives of most men, particularly today — the frustration of inarticulate desires, with no knowledge of the means to achieve them. In the sight and hearing of a crumbling world, Apollo 11 enacted the story of an audacious purpose, its execution, its triumph, and the means that achieved it — the story and the demonstration of man’s highest potential. Whatever his particular ability or goal, if a man is not to give up his struggle, he needs the reminder that success is possible; if he is not to regard the human species with fear, contempt, or hatred, he needs the spiritual fuel of knowing that man the hero is possible.<br />
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This was the meaning and the unidentified motive of the millions of eager, smiling faces that looked up to the flight of Apollo 11 from all over the remnants and ruins of the civilized world. This was the meaning that people sensed, but did not know in conscious terms — and will give up or betray tomorrow. It was the job of their teachers, the intellectuals, to tell them. But it is not what they are being told.<br />
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A great event is like an explosion that blasts off pretenses and brings the hidden out to the surface, be it diamonds or muck. The flight of Apollo 11 was “a moment of truth”: it revealed an abyss between the physical sciences and the humanities that has to be measured in terms of interplanetary distances. If the achievements of the physical sciences have to be watched through a telescope, the state of the humanities requires a microscope: there is no historical precedent for the smallness of stature and shabbiness of mind displayed by today’s intellectuals.<br />
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In <em>The New York Times</em> of July 21, 1969, there appeared two whole pages devoted to an assortment of reactions to the lunar landing, from all kinds of prominent and semi-prominent people who represent a cross-section of our culture.<br />
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It was astonishing to see how many ways people could find to utter variants of the same bromides. Under an overwhelming air of staleness, of pettiness, of musty meanness, the collection revealed the naked essence (and spiritual consequences) of the basic premises ruling today’s culture: irrationalism — altruism — collectivism.<br />
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The extent of the hatred for reason was somewhat startling. (And, psychologically, it gave the show away: one does not hate that which one honestly regards as ineffectual.) It was, however, expressed indirectly, in the form of denunciations of technology. (And since technology is the means of bringing the benefits of science to man’s life, judge for yourself the motive and the sincerity of the protestations of concern with human suffering.)<br />
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“But the chief reason for assessing the significance of the moon landing negatively, even while the paeans of triumph are sung, is that this tremendous technical achievement represents a defective sense of human values, and of a sense of priorities of our technical culture.” “We are betraying our moral weakness in our very triumphs in technology and economics.” “How can this nation swell and stagger with technological pride when it is so weak, so wicked, so blinded and misdirected in its priorities? While we can send men to the moon or deadly missiles to Moscow or toward Mao, we can’t get foodstuffs across town to starving folks in the teeming ghettos.” “Are things more important than people? I simply do not believe that a program comparable to the moon landing cannot be projected around poverty, the war, crime, and so on.” “If we show the same determination and willingness to commit our resources, we can master the problems of our cities just as we have mastered the challenge of space.” “In this regard, the contemporary triumphs of man’s mind — his ability to translate his dreams of grandeur into awesome accomplishments — are not to be equated with progress, as defined in terms of man’s primary concern with the welfare of the masses of fellow human beings . . . the power of human intelligence which was mobilized to accomplish this feat can also be mobilized to address itself to the ultimate acts of human compassion.” “But, the most wondrous event would be if man could relinquish all the stains and defilements of the untamed mind . . .”<br />
<br />
There was one entirely consistent person in that collection, Pablo Picasso, whose statement, in full, was: “It means nothing to me. I have no opinion about it, and I don’t care.” His work has been demonstrating that for years.<br />
<br />
The best statement was, surprisingly, that of the playwright Eugene Ionesco, who was perceptive about the nature of his fellow intellectuals. He said, in part:<br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>It’s an extraordinary event of incalculable importance. The sign that it’s so important is that most people aren’t interested in it. They go on discussing riots and strikes and sentimental affairs. The perspectives opened up are enormous, and the absence of interest shows an astonishing lack of goodwill. I have the impression that writers and intellectuals — men of the left — are turning their backs to the event.</i><br />
<br />
This is an honest statement — and the only pathetic (or terrible) thing about it is the fact that the speaker has not observed that “men of the left” are not “most people.”<br />
<br />
Now consider the exact, specific meaning of the evil revealed in that collection: it is the <em>moral</em> significance of Apollo 11 that is being ignored; it is the <em>moral stature</em> of the astronauts — and of all the men behind them, and of all achievement — that is being denied. Think of what was required to achieve that mission: think of the unself-pitying effort; the merciless discipline; the courage; the responsibility of relying on one’s judgment; the days, nights and years of unswerving dedication to a goal; the tension of the unbroken maintenance of a full, clear mental focus; and the honesty (honesty means: loyalty to truth, and truth means: the recognition of reality). All these are not regarded as virtues by the altruists and are treated as of no moral significance.<br />
<br />
Now perhaps you will grasp the infamous inversion represented by the morality of altruism.<br />
Some people accused me of exaggeration when I said that altruism does not mean mere kindness or generosity, but the sacrifice of the best among men to the worst, the sacrifice of virtues to flaws, of ability to incompetence, of progress to stagnation — and the subordinating of all life and of all values to the claims of anyone’s suffering.<br />
<br />
You have seen it enacted in reality.<br />
<br />
What else is the meaning of the brazen presumption of those who protest against the mission of Apollo 11, demanding that the money (which is not theirs) be spent, instead, on the relief of poverty?<br />
This is not an old-fashioned protest against mythical tycoons who “exploit” their workers, it is not a protest against the rich, it is not a protest against idle luxury, it is not a plea for some marginal charity, for money that “no one would miss.” It is a protest against science and progress, it is the impertinent demand that man’s mind cease to function, that man’s ability be denied the means to move forward, that achievement stop — because the poor hold a first mortgage on the lives of their betters.<br />
<br />
By their own assessment, by demanding that the public support them, these protesters declare that they have not produced enough to support themselves — yet they present a claim on the men whose ability produced so enormous a result as Apollo 11, declaring that it was done at <em>their</em> expense, that the money behind it was taken from <em>them</em>. Led by their spiritual equivalents and spokesmen, they assert a private right to public funds, while denying the public (i.e., the rest of us) the right to any higher, better purpose.<br />
<br />
I could remind them that without the technology they damn, there would be no means to support them. I could remind them of the pretechnological centuries when men subsisted in such poverty that they were unable to feed themselves, let alone give assistance to others. I could say that anyone who used one-hundredth of the mental effort used by the smallest of the technicians responsible for Apollo 11 would not be consigned to permanent poverty, not in a free or even semi-free society. I could say it, but I won’t. It is not their practice that I challenge, but their moral premise. Poverty is not a mortgage on the labor of others — misfortune is not a mortgage on achievement — failure is not a mortgage on success — suffering is not a claim check, and its relief is not the goal of existence — man is not a sacrificial animal on anyone’s altar or for anyone’s cause — life is not one huge hospital.<br />
Those who suggest that we substitute a war on poverty for the space program should ask themselves whether the premises and values that form the character of an astronaut would be satisfied by a lifetime of carrying bedpans and teaching the alphabet to the mentally retarded. The answer applies as well to the values and premises of the astronauts’ admirers. Slums are not a substitute for stars.<br />
The question we are constantly hearing today is: why are men able to reach the moon, but unable to solve their social-political problems? This question involves the abyss between the physical sciences and the humanities. The flight of Apollo 11 has made the answer obvious: because, in regard to their social problems, men reject and evade the means that made the lunar landing possible, the only means of solving any problem — reason.<br />
<br />
In the field of technology, men cannot permit themselves the kind of mental processes that have been demonstrated by some of the reactions to Apollo 11. In technology, there are no gross irrationalities such as the conclusion that since mankind was united by its enthusiasm for the flight, it can be united by anything (as if the ability to unite were a primary, regardless of purpose or cause). There are, in technology, no evasions of such magnitude as the present chorus of slogans to the effect that Apollo 11’s mission should somehow lead men to peace, goodwill, and the realization that mankind is one big family. What family? With one-third of mankind enslaved under an unspeakable rule of brute force, are we to accept the rulers as members of the family, make terms with them, and sanction the terrible fate of the victims? If so, why are the victims to be expelled from the one big human family? The speakers have no answer. But their implicit answer is: We could make it work somehow, if we <em>wanted</em> to!<br />
<br />
In technology, men know that all the wishes and prayers in the world will not change the nature of a grain of sand.<br />
<br />
It would not have occurred to the builders of the spacecraft to select its materials without the most minute, exhaustive study of their characteristics and properties. But, in the humanities, every sort of scheme or project is proposed and carried out without a moment’s thought or study of the nature of man. No instrument was installed aboard the spacecraft without a thorough knowledge of the conditions its functions required. All kinds of impossible, contradictory demands are imposed on man in the humanities with no concern for the conditions of existence he requires. No one tore apart the circuits of the spacecraft’s electric system and declared: “It will do the job if it <em>wants</em> to!” This is the standard policy in regard to man. No one chose a type of fuel for Apollo 11 because he “felt like it,” or ignored the results of a test because he “didn’t feel like it,” or programmed a computer with a jumble of random, irrelevant nonsense he “didn’t know why.” These are the standard procedures and criteria accepted in the humanities. No one made a decision affecting the spacecraft by hunch, by whim, or by sudden, inexplicable “intuition.” In the humanities, these methods are regarded as superior to reason. No one proposed a new design for the spacecraft, worked out in every detail, except that it had no provision for rockets or for any means of propulsion. It is the standard practice in the humanities to devise and design social systems controlling every aspect of man’s life, except that no provision is made for the fact that man possesses a mind and that his mind is his means of survival. No one suggested that the flight of Apollo 11 be planned according to the rules of astrology, and its course be charted by the rules of numerology. In the humanities, man’s nature is interpreted according to Freud, and his social course is prescribed by Marx.<br />
<br />
But — the practitioners of the humanities protest — we cannot treat man as an inanimate object. The truth of the matter is that they treat man as <em>less</em> than an inanimate object, with less concern, less respect for his nature. If they gave to man’s nature a small fraction of the meticulous, <em>rational</em> study that the scientists are now giving to lunar dust, we would be living in a better world. No, the specific procedures for studying man are not the same as for studying inanimate objects — but the epistemological principles are.<br />
<br />
Nothing on earth or beyond it is closed to the power of man’s reason. Yes, reason could solve human problems — but nothing else on earth or beyond it can.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAGlR5H_ikTeMZ8tpU6I_W2mdvN91Xm9VU1Vzj_X5XWY2eG9oW-dvSIrBayOu_f4wtrNp09WSyV2Zz5B1k2R18j1WFM5pKzigKk5_hO7JvE5ZCl6y_ubJR11DjSF6ulLtE2WOiyR1dJyE/s1600/original+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAGlR5H_ikTeMZ8tpU6I_W2mdvN91Xm9VU1Vzj_X5XWY2eG9oW-dvSIrBayOu_f4wtrNp09WSyV2Zz5B1k2R18j1WFM5pKzigKk5_hO7JvE5ZCl6y_ubJR11DjSF6ulLtE2WOiyR1dJyE/s640/original+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
This is the fundamental lesson to be learned from the triumph of Apollo 11. Let us hope that some men will learn it. But it will not be learned by most of today’s intellectuals, since the core and motor of all their incredible constructs is the attempt to establish human tyranny as an escape from what they call “the tyranny” of reason and reality.<br />
<br />
If the lesson is learned in time, the flight of Apollo 11 will be the first achievement of a great new age; if not, it will be a glorious last — not forever, but for a long, long time to come.<br />
I want to mention one small incident, an indication of why achievement perishes under altruist-collectivist rule. One of the ugliest aspects of altruism is that it penalizes the good for being the good, and success for being success. We have seen that, too, enacted in reality.<br />
<br />
It is obvious that one of the reasons motivating the NASA administrators to achieve a lunar landing was the desire to demonstrate the value of the space program and receive financial appropriations to continue the program’s work. This was fully rational and proper for the managers of a government project: there is no honest way of obtaining public funds except by impressing the public with a project’s actual results. But such a motive involves an old-fashioned kind of innocence; it comes from an implicit free-enterprise context, from the premise that rewards are to be earned by achievement, and that achievement is to be rewarded. Apparently, they had not grasped the modern notion, the basic premise of the welfare state: that rewards are divorced from achievement, that one obtains money from the government by giving nothing in return, and the more one gets, the more one should demand.<br />
<br />
The response of Congress to Apollo 11 included some prominent voices who declared that NASA’s appropriations should be cut <em>because</em> the lunar mission has succeeded.(!) The purpose of the years of scientific work is completed, they said, and “national priorities” demand that we now pour more money down the sewers of the war on poverty.<br />
<br />
If you want to know the process that embitters, corrupts, and destroys the managers of government projects, you are seeing it in action. I hope that the NASA administrators will be able to withstand it.<br />
As far as “national priorities” are concerned, I want to say the following: we do not have to have a mixed economy, we still have a chance to change our course and thus to survive. But if we do continue down the road of a mixed economy, then let them pour all the millions and billions they can into the space program. If the United States is to commit suicide, let it not be for the sake and support of the worst human elements, the parasites-on-principle, at home and abroad. Let it not be its only epitaph that it died paying its enemies for its own destruction. Let some of its lifeblood go to the support of achievement and the progress of science. The American flag on the moon — or on Mars, or on Jupiter — will, at least, be a worthy monument to what had once been a great country.<br />
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<h3>
About the Author</h3>
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<img alt="Profile Photo" class="avatar user-6-avatar avatar-480 photo" height="480" src="https://courses.aynrand.org/wp-content/uploads/avatars/6/5c2554b0a895f-bpfull.jpg" width="480" /></div>
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<br />
Ayn Rand<br />
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Ayn Rand created and defined her philosophy, Objectivism, in the pages of her best-selling novels, particularly <em>The Fountainhead</em> and <em>Atlas Shrugged</em>, and in a series of nonfiction books that address a wide range of fundamental issues in philosophy.
Born Alisa Rosenbaum in Tsarist St. Petersburg in 1905, Rand witnessed the Russian Revolution as a teenager and promptly condemned communism as immoral for sacrificing the individual to the collective. In 1926, shortly after graduating from the University of Leningrad, she fled to America, adopting the pen name Ayn Rand to shield her family from possible persecution once her anti-communism became well known.
In Hollywood, she wrote scenarios for famous director Cecil B. DeMille and met her future husband on a movie set, but the couple struggled financially for years. Then came a string of writing successes: a Broadway play, followed by her first novel, <em>We the Living</em> (1936), then a novella called <em>Anthem</em> (1938), and later her first best seller, the story of a fiercely independent architect named Howard Roark in <em>The Fountainhead</em> (1943). All these works of fiction feature gripping stories and exalted, egoistic, this-worldly heroes.
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-86001352333345493302018-11-19T14:54:00.000+02:002018-11-19T16:31:01.000+02:00Steve Bannon | Full Address and Q&A | Oxford Union<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gotta love all the snowflakes asking their NPC questions without really engaging in an actual dialogue or listening.
Orange Man Bad
Fascists bad</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hey Hey</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ho Ho</span><br />
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Bannon has Got to Go</span><br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="640" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8AtOw-xyMo8" width="720"></iframe><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nothing worse than an over-privileged, over-educated yet not very bright upper class idiots, virtue signalling their arses off, to justify their elite position, that was given purely by right of birth, not by merit. Steve Bannon is speaking for the 'Working Class' here to a bunch of arrogant upper class twits, this has been painful and embarrassing to witness. God protect us from these fragile fools. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">These students do not seem worthy of a university with such a reputation.</span><br />
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Vad ca mai multi "experti", ce s-au autointitulat "societate civila", trimit scrisori prin care spun ca problema e la popor, pentru ca voteaza. Si ca votul nu ar trebui sa fie lasat pe mana oricui, venind in sprijinul afirmatiei lor cu un citat din Thatcher, la referendumul lor din 1975.</div>
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Thatcher cand a spus despre referendum ca e un instrument pentru dictatori sau demagogi s-a referit la altceva, dar nu stiu cati din cei de acolo au avut rabdarea de a vedea motivul. Ea atunci s-a referit la ramanerea in the piata comuna europeana, unde nu se punea problema suveranitatii, nici problema cedarii puterii parlamentare catre un consiliu de unelected bureucrats, ce stabilesc ei impreuna care e binele comun. Thatcher niciodata nu ar fi fost de acord cu cedarea suveranitatii, nici la nivel de individ, nici la nivel statal. Altfel nu mai exista legitimitate pentru nimic.</div>
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In 1975 Common Market era ok, insa dupa Maastricht in UE s-a impus o viziune Socialist federalista cu care UK nu a fost niciodata de acord pentru ca in practica devenise o subminare prin reguli care de care mai idioate a Pietei Comune, pentru care britanicii intrasera in UE. Nici o legatura cu Piata Comuna pentru care britanicii intrasera initial. Cautati discursul No, No, No al premierului britanic Margaret Thatcher si va veti convinge. Sunt argumente la orice pas. De altfel exista si scrisori clare in care ea se disociaza clar de aceasta abordare, si nu ar fi fost de acord niciodata cu asa ceva.</div>
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Da, un referendum poate fi anticonstitutional. Cand multimea voteaza ca toti copiii trebuie luati de la parinti si dati la casa de copii, sau cand isi da cu parerea in stiinta (global warming) e clar ca trebuie limite constitutionale. Pentru ca de prea multe ori multimea ba chiar si academiile de stiinta (vezi Franta si aparatele mai grele ca aerul) au gresit. Este exact ce incercau sa evite fondatorii US atunci cand spuneau ca:</div>
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<b>"Democracy ..wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a democracy that did not commit suicide.” (John Adams),</b></blockquote>
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sau</div>
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<b>“Democracy is the most vile form of government... democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention... incompatible with personal security or the rights of property.” (James Madison)</b></blockquote>
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sau</div>
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<b>“The majority, oppressing an individual, is guilty of a crime, abuses its strength, and ... breaks up the foundations of society." (Thomas Jefferson)</b></blockquote>
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sau</div>
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<b>“Democracy is two wolves and a lamb voting on what to have for lunch. Liberty is a well-armed lamb contesting the vote.” - (Benjamin Franklin)</b></blockquote>
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e motivul pentru care H. L. Mencken zicea ca:</div>
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[D]emocracy gives [the beatification of mediocrity] a certain appearance of objective and demonstrable truth. The mob man, functioning as citizen, gets a feeling that he is really important to the world—that he is genuinely running things. Out of his maudlin herding after rogues and mountebanks there comes to him a sense of vast and mysterious power—which is what makes archbishops, police sergeants, the grand goblins of the Ku Klux and other such magnificoes happy. And out of it there comes, too, a conviction that he is somehow wise, that his views are taken seriously by his betters — which is what makes United States Senators, fortune tellers and Young Intellectuals happy. Finally, there comes out of it a glowing consciousness of a high duty triumphantly done which is what makes hangmen and husbands happy.</blockquote>
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The larger the mob, the harder the test. In small areas, before small electorates, a first-rate man occasionally fights his way through, carrying even the mob with him by force of his personality. But when the field is nationwide, and the fight must be waged chiefly at second and third hand, and the force of personality cannot so readily make itself felt, then all the odds are on the man who is, intrinsically, the most devious and mediocre — the man who can most easily adeptly disperse the notion that his mind is a virtual vacuum".</blockquote>
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____<br />
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Thatcher stia aceste lucruri. Le intelegea perfect. Progresistii nostri insa nu inteleg de ce au vrut fondatorii in US sa evite cu orice pret, de ce nu apare NICAIERI in Constitutia US cuvantul democratie. Nu! Habar nu au, nu vor sa afle. Nu sunt interesati. Ei deja au stabilit.</div>
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Au scos un citat dintr-un context (5 June 1975), si il folosesc drept argument. E metoda prin care presa intoxica, si in loc sa caute adevarul, nu face decat sa-l ascunda, sa-l perverteasca, sa-l transforme in unealta politica, sau de santaj. E metoda prin care fariseii din templu impuneau versiunea lor de adevar, ba te mai si judecau pentru asta. De aceea libertatea presei este o chestiune fundamentala insa NU este absoluta, cum gresit au impresia expertii de la SNSPA. Da, poti spune orice tampenie. Insa NU orice este permis. Stiu ca pare un paradox, insa asta e domeniul lor, si ii las pe ei sa descopere de ce.</div>
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"It is a melancholy truth, that a suppression of the press could not more compleatly deprive the nation of it's benefits, than is done by it's abandoned prostitution to falsehood. Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper. Truth itself becomes suspicious by being put into that polluted vehicle. The real extent of this state of misinformation is known only to those who are in situations to confront facts within their knowledge with the lies of the day. I really look with commiseration over the great body of my fellow citizens, who, reading newspapers, live & die in the belief, that they have known something of what has been passing in the world in their time; whereas the accounts they have read in newspapers are just as true a history of any other period of the world as of the present, except that the real names of the day are affixed to their fables. General facts may indeed be collected from them, such as that Europe is now at war, that Bonaparte has been a successful warrior, that he has subjected a great portion of Europe to his will, &c., &c.; but no details can be relied on. </blockquote>
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I will add, that <b>the man who never looks into a newspaper is better informed than he who reads them; inasmuch as he who knows nothing is nearer to truth than he whose mind is filled with falsehoods & errors</b>.<b> He who reads nothing will still learn the great facts, and the details are all false"</b>. (Thomas Jefferson to John Norvell, June 11, 1807)</blockquote>
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<b>"This blessed country of free inquiry and belief has surrendered its creed and conscience to neither kings nor priests." (Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Waterhouse, 1822).</b></blockquote>
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<b>"For I have sworn upon the altar of god eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man."</b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;">“And hence when by their foolish thirst for reputation th</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;">ey have created among the masses an appetite for gifts and the habit of receiving them, democracy in its turn is abolished and changes into a rule of force and violence. For the people, having grown accustomed to feed at the expense of others and to depend for their livelihood on the property of others, as soon as they find a leader who is enterprising but is excluded from the houses of office by his penury, institute the rule of violence; and now uniting their forces massacre, banish, and plunder, until they degenerate again into perfect savages and find once more a master and monarch.” - The Histories 6.9.7-9, Polybius (ca. 200–118 BC)</span></span>
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-12764863466371615482017-06-18T07:30:00.002+03:002017-06-18T07:30:51.005+03:00Debate 1984: Capitalism Versus Socialism, Which is the Moral Social System?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "youtube noto" , "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Debate 1984: Capitalism Versus Socialism, Which is the Moral Social System?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "youtube noto" , "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">This is the 1984 public debate between the Objectivists (Leonard Peikoff and John Ridpath) representing the capitalist view, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "youtube noto", roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">against the Democratic Socialists (Gerald Caplan and Jill Vickers) representing the socialist view. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "youtube noto" , "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The entire transcript is available at many places including:</span><br />
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<br />John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-49698372055914005772017-02-13T18:17:00.001+02:002017-02-13T18:17:41.076+02:00Ce este capitalismul. Intrebarea fundamentala a ultimilor 27 de ani cam oriunde pe glob.<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Ce este capitalismul. Intrebarea fundamentala a ultimilor 27 de ani, cam oriunde pe glob, nu doar la noi (la noi a lipsit cu desavarsire - analfabetii din universitati au distrus generatii intregi cu nestiinta lor - rezultatele vazandu-se acum la orice pas).</span><br /><br />
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<br />John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-15093337497737464362016-11-13T11:51:00.000+02:002017-02-19T17:48:39.403+02:00Hello, Dave. You're looking well today.<div style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
Bine ati venit in Era Inteligentei Artificiale.<br />
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400.000 de boti au facut campanie electorala pentru Trump, conversand cu democratii la un nivel de complexitate atat de mare incat mai nimeni nu s-a prins deloc, crezand ca vorbesc cu un human.<br />
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Nearly 75 percent of the bots you found were supportive of the Republican candidate Donald Trump, and the messages in their tweets were different, too.These bots are more complex, using artificial intelligence to chat with people. They<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"> can aggregate the sentiment in a polarized discussion and maybe even further polarize it.</span></div>
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It had been easier to identify earlier bots, but now it’s incredibly difficult for a human to make a determination. I did a test on myself, and in some accounts there are signs that are clear, such as posting 1,000 tweets per hour. In others it’s more difficult. They look like they go to sleep [going offline for a prolonged period each day]. They tweet five, 10, 15 tweets in a row, and then none for an hour.<br />
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They clone the behavior of people.<br />
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<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602817/how-the-bot-y-politic-influenced-this-election/?utm_campaign=socialflow&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=post">https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602817/how-the-bot-y-politic-influenced-this-election/?utm_campaign=socialflow&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=post</a></span></span><br />
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<b>Capitalism vs Socialism: 18 - 0. Again</b>. <span class="_47e3" title="smile emoticon"><img alt="" aria-hidden="1" class="img" height="16" src="https://www.facebook.com/images/emoji.php/v5/f4c/1/16/1f642.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: -3px;" width="16" /><span aria-hidden="1" class="_7oe" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 0px; width: 0px;">:)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Mind-blowing answer!!!!</span><br />
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<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Human: seriously , what is morality ?</span><br />
<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Machine: what is the definition of living ?</span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br />Human vs Google AI dialogue.</span><br />
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<span class="text_exposed_show" style="color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /><br /><a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.05869v2.pdf" rel="nofollow nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://arxiv.org/pdf/<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="display: inline-block;"></span>1506.05869v2.pdf</a></span></div>
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<a href="https://vimeo.com/201178499">Data Selfie - Chrome extension</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/d4t4x">DATA X</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com/">Vimeo</a>.John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-59423152229245063722016-11-10T20:46:00.000+02:002016-11-13T11:51:20.285+02:00Music to my ears.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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"The nation state remains the TRUE foundation for happiness and harmony. I am skeptical of International Unions that ties us up to and bring America down".</div>
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Music to my ears again.</div>
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<br />John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-45542529892598447082016-11-09T15:55:00.003+02:002016-11-09T16:00:45.290+02:00Trump Triumphs. :)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
Obama election speech 2008: "If anyone out there still doubts that America is a place where anything is possible: tonight is your answer"<br />
<br />
I guess I can say openly now that I am a white, straight heterosexual male without anyone trying to imprison me for that.<br />
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:)))
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“I have so much faith in the general government of the world by Providence that I can hardly conceive a transaction of such momentous importance [as the framing of the Constitution] ... should be suffered to pass without being in some degree influenced, guided, and governed by that omnipotent, omnipresent, and beneficent Ruler in whom all inferior spirits live and move and have their being.”</div>
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(Benjamin Franklin)<br /></div>
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“If you would not be forgotten<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"><br />As soon as you are dead and rotten,<br />Either write things worthy reading,<br />Or do things worth the writing.”<br /></span></div>
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YOU FUCKING DID IT YOU BEAUTIFUL BASTARDS</div>
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<br /><br />John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-50804726346204854102016-08-15T02:48:00.000+03:002016-08-15T02:48:26.659+03:00Full list of Soros NGOs manipulating elections in all EU member states<div id="bd" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 50px;">
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Full list of Soros NGOs manipulating elections in all EU member states. <span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">RT, I know. But still..</span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">http://linkis.com/sli.mg/a/Dvev5</span></span></div>
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-54492890106661543212016-04-29T11:48:00.004+03:002016-04-29T22:47:20.111+03:00Europe is fucked.<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;">Outstanding presentation by Peter Zeihan and a great lesson in economics.</span><br />
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The game is over, morons.<br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #373e4d; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Red army will shrink by half in the next 5 years. So if Russians are going to use military tactics and strategies to change their neighborhood, they have to do it.. now. Also,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK62453/"> half of their teens have TB. </a></i></span><br />
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You are looking at the European system at its best case scenario, lasting only 7 - 8 years. Why Europe sucks so hard? One word: Germany.<br />
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<a data-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Ronald_Reagan" href="https://www.google.ro/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjmpdqh1LPMAhXJlCwKHWB-D-YQFggbMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUSS_Ronald_Reagan&usg=AFQjCNE6sU5PGs6mC8E1t_XmJwRcLiKXIg&sig2=cyyksy4jq401hxkjnBgXpw" style="color: #660099; cursor: pointer;">USS Ronald Reagan</a></h3>
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<br />John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-8233147952583625412016-02-19T23:25:00.001+02:002016-02-19T23:36:19.281+02:00Ferma Animalelor sau cum sa obtii zilnic 1000 de like-uri pe Facebook. <br />
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Sa vedeti inca una tare de tot.</div>
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Cam ce probabilitate ar fi ca in aceeasi zi, 18 ianuarie, pagina lui Iohannis si pagina Antenei 3 sa primeasca fix la fel de multe like-uri, in tari diferite? Sa zicem ca e posibil, suma nu e mare, cine stie ce stire o fi dat. In plus, e posibil ca baietii de la PR sa bage constant cate 1000-1500 de like-uri false zilnic. Nu costa mult, 1000 de like-uri costa cam 30 de dolari. Pe luna e cat salariul unui bugetar necajit.</div>
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<span style="line-height: 19.32px;">Problema lor e alta. Ce probabilitate e ca acest lucru sa se intample doar cu like-urile venite din Germania si Italia? Si nu din alte tari? Mult mai mica. Tot nu e vro proba dincolo de orice dubiu ca respectivii baga like-uri false, corelatia nu e cauzalitate, nu se poate proba.</span></div>
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Insa ce te faci cand Facebook sterge periodic toate conturile create special de acesti fermieri digitali ce speculeaza dorinta unora de a fi in top, cum se explica caderea masiva din 5 februarie? De ce paginile lui Iohannis respectiv Antenei 3 SCAD BRUSC cu 5000-7000 de like-uri, fix pe like-urile primite din acele tari, fix in aceeasi zi, fara nici un motiv aparent? </div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent;"><br /><a href="http://www.socialbakers.com/statistics/facebook/pages/detail/632184113535510-klaus-iohannis?country=italy">http://www.socialbakers.com/statistics/facebook/pages/detail/632184113535510-klaus-iohannis?country=italy</a></span></div>
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Well, ghinion fantastic, domnule Presedinte. Daca tot ati scris o carte in care ati vorbit de Facebook poate ar fi trebui sa stiti ca like-urile se contabilizeaza pe fiecare tara in parte, nu la gramada, adica in caz ca faceti mizerii de acest gen sa stiti ca manevra se poate observa imediat. Pentru ca like-urile nu sunt la comun ci se contabilizeaza separat.</div>
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<a href="http://www.socialbakers.com/statistics/facebook/pages/detail/632184113535510-klaus-iohannis?country=italy">http://www.socialbakers.com/statistics/facebook/pages/detail/632184113535510-klaus-iohannis?country=italy</a><br />
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<img height="325" src="https://scontent-fra3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xaf1/t31.0-8/12764865_10153937444931565_7196919555987405777_o.jpg" width="640" /><br />
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<span aria-live="polite" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" style="display: inline; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; outline: none; width: auto;" tabindex="0">Adica ok, in noiembrie 2014 inteleg ca ati urcat natural. Dar pe 18 ianuarie, cand aproape toti politicienii din RO au scazut masiv (semn ca FB a sters conturile false din Romania - cum face periodic), de ce pagina dumneavoastra a scazut iarasi brusc cu 40.000? (*atentie ianuarie, nu acum 2 zile - ieri ati cazut cu mai mult).<br /><br />E clar ca cineva va baga conturi false, si e clar ca in RO asta e sport national. La fel de clar e ca cineva face acest lucru periodic pentru Presedinte, cum fac in showbiz sau politica destui. Ca sa prinda avant, sa mentina trendul, sa manipuleze opinia publica etc. Nu-i mai iau acum la puricat pe toti, se stiu si singuri. <span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.32px;">Si pe urma alta intrebare. Antena 3 ca Antena3, insa dumneavoastra stiti cumva pe cineva care plateste acele like-uri? E vorba totusi de cateva mii de euro lunar. Daca aveti cunostinta de acest lucru, sunt bani personali sau fonduri publice de protocol?</span><br /><br />Politica pas cu pas. </span><span aria-live="polite" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" style="display: inline; outline: none; width: auto;" tabindex="0"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Ma intreb cati romani sau pakistanezi castiga 500-800 de euro pe luna din astfel de activitati. </span></span><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Sunt peste 150 de milioane de conturi false conform statisticilor Facebook, chiar daca sunt sterse periodic ele apar din nou, e imposibil sa nu fie si la noi. </span><span aria-live="polite" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" style="display: inline; outline: none; width: auto;" tabindex="0"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Inselatoria este evidenta, daca ati fi o firma ce vrea sa faca reclama pe Facebook sunt absolut sigur ca nu ati dori sa cheltuiti bani pe conturi false, pe un reach falsificat. In afaceri mai merge, in timp se elimina singuri, insa in politica, intr-o tara normala, asa ceva ar fi de neiertat. </span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 18px;"><br />Inca o dovada a efectelor negative pe care Statul le provoaca in economie.</span></div>
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<span aria-live="polite" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" style="display: inline; outline: none; width: auto;" tabindex="0"><a href="http://theweek.com/articles/560046/inside-counterfeit-facebook-farm" style="line-height: 18px;">http://theweek.com/articles/560046/inside-counterfeit-facebook-farm</a><span style="line-height: 18px;">ook-farm</span><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br />(*linkul spre site-ul care comercializeaza aceste servicii poate fi gasit destul de usor. Nu-l mai pun aici ca nu are sens. Insa cam asa arata, il gasiti si in articolul de mai sus. Incepe cu shareyt si se termina cu un .com)</span></span><br />
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-9855632021691201152016-01-21T19:27:00.002+02:002016-01-21T19:27:54.236+02:00Vreme trece, vreme vine..<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Eminescu vorbind despre situatia din Moldova, 4 Aprilie 1878:<div>
<br /><br />"Răsărită din rase mongolice, de natura lor cuceritoare, aşezate pe stepe întinse a căror monotonie are înrâurire asupra inteligenţei omeneşti, lipsind-o de mlădioşie şi dându-i instincte fanatice pentru idei de-o vagă măreţie, Rusia e în mod egal muma mândriei şi a lipsei de cultură, a fanatismului şi a despotiei (…). În tendinţele de cucerire, în aşa-numitele misiuni istorice care-şi caută marginile naturale nu e nimic dedesubt decât pur şi simplu neştiinţa şi gustul de spoliare. În zadar caută un popor în întinderi teritoriale, în cuceriri, în războaie ceea ce-i lipseşte în chiar sufletul lui (…) <br /><br />Ni se pare că din nefericire ruşii sunt sub dominarea unui deşert sufletesc, a unui urât care-i face să caute în cuceriri ceea ce n-au înlăuntrul lor. Nouă ni se pare că cercurile culte, în loc de a stăvili acest horror vacui, în loc de a-l împlea prin muncă şi cultură, îl sumuţă contra Europei, pe care o numesc îmbătrânită şi enervată, coaptă pentru a cădea întreagă sub dominaţie rusească (…) <br /><br />Tocmai aşa nu va înflori o cultură moscovită pe pământurile supuse ruşilor, pentru că lipseşte rădăcina subiectivă a unei asemenea culturi (…) Astfel misiunea istorică de care se face atâta vorbă nu-o o misiune care-şi are originea în afară, ea e rezultatul unui gol sufletesc, a unei barbarii spoite cu frac şi mănuşi, a unui deşert care, de-ar stăpâni pământul, tot nu s-ar umple. Cerul deasupra-l schimbi, nu sufletul, marea trecând-o.<br /><br />Pot să treacă şi Dunărea şi Carpaţii şi Adrianopol, să ia Roma veche, precum ameninţă pe cea nouă, pot să presure Europa întreagă cu cenuşă şi cadavre, nu se va naşte din milioanele de oameni nici un Rafael, nici un Bethoven, nici un Kant, ba tocmai lipsa unor asemenea spirite de adâncă înţelepciune şi de un adânc sentiment pentru bunurile ce înnobilează omenirea este cauza acelui gol sufletesc care-şi caută compensaţie în glorii sângeroase şi cuceriri. <br /><br />De mult, dar mai cu seamă de o sută cincizeci de ani încoace, ţinta cuceririlor ruseşti sunt ţările răsăritene ale Europei (…) Cu-n cuvânt în loc de a desfăşura activitatea înlăuntru, ochii vecinului nostru sunt pironiţi cu flămângiune asupra Apusului, cercurile culte umplu golul sufletesc cu fantasmagoria unui imperiu care ar ajunge de la Sibir până sub zidurile Veneţiei şi apoi mai departe… tot mai departe.<br /><br />(...)Deşi nu s-a născut încă rusul care să fie în stare a ne insufla frică, grijă tot ne inspiră, ba putem zice cu siguranţă că ne aşteaptă vremi grele. Despre biruinţa cauzei drepte nu ne îndoim, precum nu ne îndoim că, oricare ar fi curentul ce se mişcă în contra civilizaţiei, el trebuie să fie nimicit cu vremea. Dar acea vreme e adesea foarte departe."<br /></div>
John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-76040073036155362432015-10-09T04:27:00.000+03:002015-10-09T04:29:03.247+03:00 How Islam is Psychologically Toxic - by Dr Michael HurdReprinted with the permission of Dr<a href="https://drhurd.com/new-research-how-islam-is-psychologically-toxic/"> Michael Hurd</a>: <a href="https://drhurd.com/new-research-how-islam-is-psychologically-toxic/">https://drhurd.com/new-research-how-islam-is-psychologically-toxic/</a><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drhurd.com/new-research-how-islam-is-psychologically-toxic/">New Research: How Islam is Psychologically Toxic</a></span></h1>
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<span class="sep">Posted on </span><time class="entry-date" datetime="2015-10-08T11:29:19+00:00" pubdate="" style="color: #025895; font-weight: bold;">October 8, 2015</time></div>
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Some people object to even talking about “Muslims” or “Muslim culture” as a group, because doing so, they claim, deindividualizes and stereotypes them. “Stop making it about ‘us’ versus ‘them,’” a few readers of this column complain.</div>
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However, it’s an observed fact that Muslims, as a group, are responsible for nearly all of the organized, ideologically based violence in today’s world. As a movement, they are the ones who have set the terms of “us” versus “them.” Their organized movement faces little or no moderate opposition, from within, against the extremists who call for worldwide murder and/or enslavement of anyone who disagrees. Like it or not, that’s what we’re dealing with in the real world today.</div>
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If we wish to survive in life as we know it, we have to understand why this is. If we censor certain thoughts or ideas as politically incorrect or otherwise insensitive, and therefore outside the realm of intellectual consideration, then we run the risk of not understanding what we’re confronting, nor why we’re confronting it.</div>
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How rational is that? How “liberal,” enlightened or safe is that?</div>
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Consider the following, from “How Islam Creates Sociopaths” [israelnationalnews.com 10/4/15], an interesting study done by Danish psychologist Nicolai Sennels:</div>
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<em>Nobody is born a mass murderer, a rapist or a violent criminal. So what is it in the Muslim culture that influences their children in a way that makes so relatively many Muslims harm other people?</em></div>
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Kudos to Sennels for even asking the question. Because things have reached a point in our so-called quest for knowledge that certain questions might never be asked, much less explored.</div>
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The psychology field should be at the forefront of launching such an investigation into the social and psychological dynamics of Islam; instead, at psychologytoday.com and elsewhere, we’re greeted with diatribes against political candidate Ben Carson for suggesting that Islam might not be the best ideology for world peace. They call for diversity and multiculturalism, without any attempt to grasp what gives rise to all these beheadings, skyscraper-topplings, toddler-bomb-strappings, hostage-takings and everything else Islamic we have been reading about for decades now. Same old stale, unhelpful and anti-intellectual garbage.</div>
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To understand something, especially something involved in the creation of evil, is to risk offending it. Evil and irrational people are usually quite cranky. You risk offending Nazis by trying to understand what animates such an ideology. The same applies to Islam. If you don’t like this fact, then you’re due to get over it.</div>
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Sennels goes on:</div>
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<em>As a psychologist in a Danish youth prison, I had a unique chance to study the mentality of Muslims. 70 percent of youth offenders in Denmark have a Muslim background. I was able to compare them with non-Muslim clients from the same age group with more or less the same social background. I came to the conclusion that Islam and Muslim culture have certain psychological mechanisms that harm people’s development and increase criminal behavior.</em></div>
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Word of caution: People are, in the end, determined by their thoughts and ideas. It’s thoughts and ideas that determine how people feel, act, and make choices, not their cultures.</div>
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Circumstances, including culture, are important, but not the final and determining factor. We’re all exposed to certain ideas via parents, family, schools, and other cultural institutions or media; it’s <em>whether</em> or <em>why</em> we accept those ideas, that counts.</div>
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<em>Brainwashing people into believing or doing things against their own human nature — such as hating or even killing innocents they do not even know — is traditionally done by combining two things: pain and repetition. The conscious infliction of psychological and physical suffering breaks down the person’s resistance to the constantly repeated message.</em></div>
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<em>Totalitarian regimes use this method to reform political dissidents. Armies in less civilized countries use it to create ruthless soldiers, and religious sects all over the world use it to fanaticize their followers.</em></div>
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This is key. Islam promotes and even requires the existence of totalitarian governments to enforce the ideology. The totalitarian government is part of the ideology. These governments are able to enforce rules at gunpoint.</div>
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Imagine a conservative Christian government controlling all media and personal behavior in America. You could be jailed or murdered for choosing to have an abortion, for using birth control, for having sex outside of marriage or for engaging in homosexual sex. That, and much more, is what Muslims are up against. Yet they are not total victims. While not all Muslims may support everything about their totalitarian governments, those totalitarian governments are based on the religion to which the vast majority of them subscribe. In a very real sense, they asked for it.</div>
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<em>Muslim culture [Sennels continues] simply does not have the same degree of understanding of human development as in civilized societies, and physical pain and threats are therefore often the preferred tool to raise children. This is why so many Muslim girls grow up to accept violence in their marriages, and why Muslim boys grow up to learn that violence is acceptable. And it is the main reason why nine out of ten children removed from their parents by authorities in Copenhagen are from immigrant families. The Muslim tradition of using pain and intimidation as part of disciplining children is also widely used in Muslim schools — also in the West.</em></div>
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The basic issue here is reason. All parents must set limits on their children and keep them from running free or unrestrained. It’s a question of degree, but also of philosophy. If your basic approach is reason-oriented, you set limits on children so they will grow up into thinking, independent and self-responsible adults with minds of their own. Intellectual and psychological independence is the goal of reason-based parenting; indoctrination is the goal of dogmatic and authoritarian parenting, and there is nothing more dogmatic or authoritarian on earth, at present, than Islam.</div>
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According to this study, reason is obviously not the dominant idea in Islamic cultures. In fact, reason does not appear to be present at all. It’s not that Muslim parents are basically reason-oriented with conservative tendencies; it’s that brutality and force are all they know, or perhaps what they believe is ideal.</div>
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Given how most parents in such cultures treat and view their own children, what makes us think there’s any hope for them viewing the children of “infidels” in lands their religion has trained them to hate any more positively? Those people prattling on about, “Stop making it about us versus them,” are completely (and I think willfully) ignorant of the fact that the dominant majority of people in such cultures have already made it about “us versus them.”</div>
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If the totalitarian regimes ruling places like Iran did not have the support of most of the people, that would be one thing. Free countries would have the option of waiting out the dictatorship, and even providing underground support to pro-freedom elements who existed in that country. While such rebellious or even more secular elements undoubtedly exist in Iran, they have not been strong enough to overcome the totalitarian regime, most likely because the widespread support for them has not been there. Our own American government, particularly since the Obama administration, who actually sides with the totalitarian regime over and above any rebellious elements, is partly to blame as well.</div>
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<em>Not only does a traditional Islamic upbringing resemble classical brainwashing methods, but also, the culture it generates cultivates psychological characteristics that further enable and increase violent behavior.</em></div>
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Starting with Islamic youth, Sennels boils it down to four mental factors enabling the cause of aggression and violence. These factors are anger; lack of self-confidence; no sense of responsibility for oneself; and intolerance.</div>
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Anger and lack of self-responsibility are key. These two factors, in turn, fuel the lack of self-confidence and tolerance which follow in most Islamic cultures.</div>
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Take anger. Sennels makes a fascinating and insightful point:</div>
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<em>When it comes to anger, Western societies widely agree that it is a sign of weakness. Uncontrolled explosions of this unpleasant feeling are maybe the fastest way of losing face, especially in Northern countries, and though angry people may be feared, they are never respected. In Muslim culture, anger is much more accepted, and being able to intimidate people is seen as strength and source of social status.</em></div>
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In other words, Islamic children grow up with the idea that anger is a show of strength. Most Americans come from the opposite perspective, as Sennels says. As a result, they mistakenly conclude that, “If we just show our strength by not being angry, this will calm the Muslims down.” This tactic will usually work when dealing with individuals or groups where the dominant attitude about anger is the same. But not with people in Islamic cultures, because the dominant attitudes in that group are that anger is strength, not weakness. When, for reasons of political correctness, moral cowardice, misplaced pacifism or whatever else, we respond to their violence with calm, rational “turn the other cheek” sorts of measures, they feel contempt and no respect whatsoever for us–thereby leading them to strike out more.</div>
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Consider self-responsibility. Sennels states,</div>
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<em>…here the psychological phenomenon “locus of control” plays a major role. People raised by Western standards generally have an inner locus of control, meaning that they experience their lives as governed by inner factors, such as one’s own choices, world view, ways of handling emotions and situations, etc. Muslims are raised to experience their lives as being controlled from the outside.</em></div>
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It’s impossible to exaggerate what a profound difference such an attitude makes. That’s why Bush’s Iraq war was, in the end, such a miserable failure. We’re taking it for granted that all human beings think, act and feel the same way. “If we only liberate them, they will exercise self-initiative, thinking and acting for themselves.” Not everyone wants to do this, or even believes it’s an option.</div>
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With regard to Islam, these attitudes are the precise opposite of everything the religion and culture stands for. You’d have to be a total and complete turncoat against Islam to have any sympathy for such an ideal. Yet all of our leaders – left and right – take it for granted that eventually it will all work out. In the meantime, the violence and danger only grows, as ISIS spreads its influence.</div>
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Keep in mind that ISIS is not merely a military movement. It’s at root an ideological and psychological one. It appeals to the grass roots. ISIS exists and grows because it appeals to the hearts and minds of Muslim people everywhere. Its attitudes, ideals and values are the polar opposite of everything that have always been the dominant attitudes in America – self-control, self-responsibility, individualism. These values require freedom, not subservience.</div>
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When most Muslims are confronted with freedom, it makes them realize that what you’re really talking about are self-control, reason, independence and individualism. These frighten them on a level most of us will never comprehend. And, because of their cultural attitudes about violence, it sends them into a rage, as a show of strength against their own inner fear. ISIS stands ready and waiting, particularly with younger people, to convert that rage into political and military action on a scale that—left free to grow—could make Nazi Germany look like a day at the beach.</div>
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Keep in mind that at the root of most rage and hatred is the emotion of fear. People who have internalized the values and beliefs dominant in Islamic culture hate rationality, capitalism, Westernism and science precisely because they are effective. The very existence of our advanced, rational system of life rains on their whole mystical, deterministic and fatalistic world view. The result is fear, then rage, then militant action (because angry action is viewed as strength). That explains why advocates of Islam are not merely content to counterattack Americans for their presence in the Middle East; they are determined to go on the offensive, <em>destroy</em> America, and decimate all Western values, at all costs. That’s what Islamic totalitarianism is all about, according to every single word and action of its movement’s representatives.</div>
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I agree with people who say that in order to defeat an enemy like militant Islam, we first have to understand it. But the more we look honestly and objectively at what Islam is really about –in actual cultural practice, and in psychological characteristics, not only theoretical ideology—the more we’re forced to confront an ideology more at odds with any version of Americanism/freedom/secular individualism than has ever existed. As bad as Nazism and Communism were, militant Islam may be the ultimate and complete inversion of all that made America what it was, and (though starting to fade) still essentially is. They’re forcing us to come to terms with our values and ideals by attempting to systematically destroy them.</div>
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Like it or not, Islam is making it about “us” versus “them.” They’re forcing us to decide: Do you really want to live as happy, free, and always materially progressing on earth? Or do you want to denounce those values altogether?</div>
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You’re either with them or against them. That’s not me saying it; <em>they</em> are saying it. Those are the terms they have set, not those of us who disagree with them.</div>
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Remember that as events continue to play out in the months and years to come. Understand what you’re up against; otherwise it will devour you.</div>
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<strong>Be sure to “friend”<a href="https://www.facebook.com/michael.hurd.1293"> Dr. Hurd on Facebook</a>. Search under “Michael Hurd” (Rehoboth Beach DE). Get up-to-the-minute postings, recommended articles and links, and engage in back-and-forth discussion with Dr. Hurd on topics of interest</strong>. <strong>Also follow Dr. Hurd on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/MichaelJHurd1">@MichaelJHurd1</a></strong></div>
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-42487330510689920882015-09-09T02:06:00.002+03:002015-09-09T02:11:23.827+03:00Asturias featuring Frank Hiemenz<iframe frameborder="no" height="166" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/70598744&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false" width="100%"></iframe><br />
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Asturias guitar: Frank Hiemenz (@fhgitarre)<br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 12.6px; text-align: justify;">Ernest Renan (1823 - 1892), Sorbonne lecture: </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 12.6px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 12.6px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 12.6px; text-align: justify;">"Those liberals who defend Islam do not know Islam. Islam is the seamless union of the spiritual and the temporal, it is the reign of dogma, it is the heaviest chain mankind has ever borne. In the early Middle Ages, Islam tolerated philosophy, because it could not stop it. It could not stop it because it was as yet disorganized, and poorly armed for terror….But as soon as Islam had a mass of ardent believers at its disposal, it destroyed everything in its path. Religious terror and hypocrisy were the order of the day. Islam has been liberal when weak, and violent when strong. Let us not give it credit for what it was merely unable to suppress." </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 12.6px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 12.6px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 12.6px; text-align: justify;">https://www.mcgill.ca/islamicstudies/files/islamicstudies/renan_islamism_cversion.pdf</span>John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-23355179315309336802015-08-10T02:08:00.000+03:002015-08-10T02:09:21.958+03:002048<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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via Polanball</div>
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<a href="http://polandball.cc/comic/2048/">http://polandball.cc/comic/2048/</a><br />
<br />John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-50082034649572746022015-06-29T21:24:00.001+03:002015-06-29T21:32:57.995+03:00Supreme Court Is NOT The Ultimate Arbiter Of The Constitution<img alt="Image credit: shutterstock.com" class="attachment-be_large wp-image-239727 wp-post-image" src="http://westernjournalismcom.c.presscdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/shutterstock_141389569-913x512.jpg" height="512" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; font-family: Bitter, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; line-height: 20px; max-width: 100%;" width="913" /><br />
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<span style="color: #7e7e7e;">It seems that the Supreme Court has forgotten that we are a </span><span style="color: red;">Constitutional Republic</span><span style="color: #7e7e7e;">--and that the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land, not Congress.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.westernjournalism.com/author/krisannehall/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #37acd7; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">KrisAnne Hall</a> June 26, 2015 at 3:20pm</div>
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SCOTUS is NOT the ultimate arbiter of the Constitution; the STATES hold that power. How does it make any sense that one part of the federal government holds the authority to determine the power of the whole?</div>
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It makes no sense; and as a matter of fact, James Madison told us that in no uncertain terms:</div>
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<i style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">“…that the ultimate right of the States, to judge whether the compact has been dangerously violated, must extend to violations by one delegated authority as well as by another–by the judiciary as well as by the executive, or the legislature.” Virginia Assembly Report 1800</i></div>
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However, that is exactly what has happened with Chief Justice John Roberts’ opinion in <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">King v. Burwell</i>. It seems that the Supreme Court has forgotten that we are a Constitutional Republic–and that the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land, not Congress. Interestingly, all you need to know about the <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">King v. Burwell</i>decision is contained in the second-to-last paragraph of the majority opinion. Consider these words:</div>
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<i style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">“<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">In a democracy</span>, the power to make the law rests with those chosen by the people. Our role is more confined—“to say what the law is.” <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Marbury v. Madison</span>, 1 Cranch 137, 177 (1803). That is easier in some cases than in others. But in every case we must respect the role of the Legislature, and take care not to undo what it has done. A fair reading of legislation demands a fair understanding of the legislative plan.” (emphasis mine)</i></div>
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IF we were a democracy, as Roberts is asserting, this opinion would be absolutely correct–Obamacare would result from an absolutely lawful use of federal power, and we would have no real argument to make. However, we are NOT a democracy. We are a Constitutional Republic. In a Constitutional Republic, the Legislature is NOT unlimited in its power and authority. Article 6, clause 2, The Supremacy Clause, makes it perfectly clear that there is a hierarchy to the federal system and that the Legislature is NOT on top; the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land.<br />
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<i style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">which shall be made in Pursuance thereof</span>;…shall be the supreme Law of the Land.”</i></div>
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When Roberts says, “<i style="box-sizing: inherit;">But in every case we must respect the role </i><i style="box-sizing: inherit;">of the Legislature, and take care not to undo what it has done</i>,” he is asserting that whenever the Legislature makes a law, we are bound by it without question. Nothing could be further from the truth. According to the Supremacy Clause, we have an obligation to undo what Congress has done if what they are doing is not “made in pursuance” to the Constitution.</div>
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Additionally, if the “Laws of the United States” are not made in pursuance to the Constitution, then they cannot legally exist. To allow Legislative Acts contrary to the Constitution to remain law would elevate the Congress ABOVE the Constitution, destroying the Constitution itself and transmuting the nature of our Republic into an Oligarchy.</div>
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There is no specific enumeration in the Constitution for the federal government to provide healthcare to the States or the people. There is only errant interpretation of clauses to justify such an exercise of power.</div>
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Because there is no specific enumeration for healthcare, the Tenth Amendment makes it very clear that healthcare is not a power to be exercised by the federal government.</div>
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<i><span style="background-color: white;">“</span><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution</span>, nor prohibited by it to the States,<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people</span>.” (emphasis mine)</span></i></h4>
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But what does Roberts use to justify this federal encroachment? Not a clause from the Constitution, but an opinion by the Supreme Court, <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Marbury v. Madison</i>. How convenient that the Supreme Court can write opinions that declare themselves the ultimate rulers of the universe and then be allowed to credibly use those opinions to justify their emperor-like behavior! Ironically, the most important role of the Supreme Court is to make sure that the Congress acts within its Constitutional limitations. But since it is ridiculous to believe that any entity of power would act on its own to limit itself, our framers didn’t trust these federal employees with that task. They trusted the States.</div>
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Madison declares in 1789 that the STATES are to be the ultimate control against the expansion of federal power, the greatest opponents to the federal government necessary to preserve the Liberty of the people:</div>
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<i style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">“The State legislatures will…be able to resist with more effect every assumption of power than any other power on earth can do; and <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">the greatest opponents to a federal government </span>admit <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">the state legislatures</span> to be sure guardians of the people’s liberty.” House of Representatives 1789 (emphasis mine)</i></div>
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But, when the States REFUSE to live up to their obligations and allow <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><i style="box-sizing: inherit;">any branch</i></span> of the federal government to expand power and limit the people and the States, they are simply declaring that they believe we are not a Constitutional Republic, but instead a Federal Kingdom built of 50 colonies subject to the whim of the feds.</div>
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Justice Roberts told the States in the original PPAC opinion:</div>
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<i style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">“We look to the States to defend the their prerogatives by adopting the simple expedient of not yielding to federal blandishments when they do not want to embrace federal policies as their own. The States are<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">SEPARATE AND INDEPENDENT SOVEREIGNS</span>. Sometimes they have to act like it.” (emphasis mine)</i></div>
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We are not a democracy. We are a Constitutional Republic, where the federal government is limited by specifically enumerated powers. It is time for the States to ACT like States, instead of cowering like colonies. It is time for the States to fulfill their obligation to be the SURE GUARDIANS OF THE PEOPLES’ LIBERTIES.</div>
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It is time to dethrone the Supreme Court. It is time to STAND for the Constitutional Republic and defy this theft of State Power and destruction of the Constitution.</div>
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Healthcare is NOT a specifically enumerated power delegated to the federal government. The exercise of that power is therefore contrary to the Constitution. According to the Supremacy Clause, any law by Congress that is not made in pursuance to the Constitution is NOT the law of the land. That makes the law null-and-void of any force. Since the Affordable Care Act is NO LAW AT ALL, when we REFUSE TO COMPLY we are <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">not breaking</i> the law…<i style="box-sizing: inherit;">we are enforcing</i> the Supreme Law of the Land, defending our Republic, and guarding our Liberty!</div>
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<span style="font-family: Bitter, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px;">http://www.westernjournalism.com/supreme-court-is-not-the-ultimate-arbiter-of-the-constitution/</span></span></div>
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-36688718426092303262015-03-19T15:09:00.000+02:002015-03-19T15:09:57.325+02:00Russia depends on Ukraine to be able to fulfill it's military aspirations<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
Russia depends on Ukraine to be able to fulfill it's military aspirations</h3>
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<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">This article is submitted to the Ukraine@war blog by a co-author who prefers to remain anonymous. It has been edited for readability only. As you will see there is a lot of detailed information. Some essential parts have been highlighted to be able to quickly scan through the document. One might at least want to read the conclusions...</span></span><br /><br /><h1 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Introduction</h1>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The top-level analysis of Russia's motivations to intervene in Ukrainian affairs is provided in [1]. Currently there is almost a consensus on the matter by now, namely pointing at:</span></span><br /><ol style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">the imperial aspirations of the Russian federation and Vladimir Putin,</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">the need to protect Russian-speaking compatriots, </li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">fear of NATO expansion into Ukraine, which will give Russia an extra 2.000 kms of border with NATO.</li>
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<br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Imperial aspirations</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The imperial inspirations of Vladimir Putin are driven by the internal Russian forces, which are worth a separate analysis (but not given here).</span></span><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Protecting Russian-speakers</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">As of the Russian-speaking compatriots, the realities are somewhat different. The real divide in Ukraine is between people who associate themselves with Ukrainian historic and cultural tradition, and the ones who associate with Russian or Soviet one, regardless of the spoken language [2]. </span></span><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">NATO expansion</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Concerns about NATO expansion also has a different background. Russia already has a common border with NATO, in the Baltic states, where NATO is 200-300 kilometers away from vital Russian centers, and at the far north. We believe that the real source of the Russia's concern is that while it has sufficient resources to effectively counter the military threat from the border with the Baltic states and Norway, </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">it has no economic and military resources to adequately address such a threat if it will be coming from an additional 2.000 kms long common border with Ukraine</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Consider that Russia has 60.900 kms of border to protect, a 144 million population and $2,6 trillion GDP. Maintaining the armed forces which can guarantee national security in such situation is beyond Russia's demographic and economic capabilities, unless it surrounds itself with buffer states like Belarus or Kazakhstan.</span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></b><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Some myths busted</b><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></i><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Myth 1: Russian army is sufficient to serve it's imperial ambitions </i><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russian conventional armed forces are also insufficient to serve the needs of its expansion using military force</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. At the height of the confrontation in Ukraine Russia had to pull troops from the places as remote as Norwegian border of Novosibirsk to form the strike force, and still could not expect for “blitzkrieg” against Ukraine. This military aspect of the balance of power is almost completely overlooked by the expert community, which tends to believe that Russia cannot be defeated on the ground. </span></span><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Myth 2: Ukraine is dependent on the Russian market</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Another myth which needs to be addressed is the story of critical dependence of Ukraine on the Russian market. Russia accounts for 29,6% of Ukraine's external trade, including 27,9% of export, and 31,1% of import by Ukraine. From the standpoint of the trade balance (according to Russian Ministry of Economic Development), 65% of Russian export to Ukraine are mineral resources, predominantly natural gas; 11,3% are machinery, tools, and transportation vehicles, 8% are chemicals, and 6,9% are products of metallurgy. Ukrainian export to Russia includes: machinery – 39,2%, products of metallurgy 21,3%, food products – 11,4%, chemicals 10,8%, and mineral products 7,6%.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Ukraine has negative trade balance with Russia because of the import of natural gas, but still remains the principal “tool shop” for Russian industry, including its military sector</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. Russia still remains supplier of raw materials and fossil fuels for Ukraine, as it was during the Soviet era.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">If the gas imports is eliminated from the trade balance between two countries, Ukraine becomes big net exporter to Russia</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Myth 3: Ukraine cannot survive without gas from Russia</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Meanwhile a successful experiment of operation of the Ukrainian trunk and distribution gas pipelines, which Ukraine was forced to do during the 2009 winter demonstrated that it is possible in principle for the Ukrainian economy to survive without importing natural gas from Russia. After 2009 Europe developed a series of gas pipeline interconnectors, which allow to maneuver natural gas supply inside EU, and gradually switch from Russian gas supply to receiving the necessary amounts of natural gas from Qatar, US, Norway, and UK. This system is connected to Ukrainian pipelines. As the conflict in the Eastern Ukraine unfolded Russia terminated gas supply to Ukraine (July 2014). Ukraine managed to negotiate replacement of 60% of Russian natural gas imports by the gas supply from the western direction already, without putting Russian gas supply to Europe at any risk.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">This certainly could be done earlier, but gas trade between two countries was the most corrupt area of trade relations between Russia and Ukraine, with corruption revenues allegedly traveling to the very top of political establishment in Kyiv and in Moscow. In this regard the gas trade between Russia and Ukraine is a showcase of the devastating impact of corruption on the economy, with machinery (including military) products being the lead exported item. </span></span><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Myth 4: Russia is independent from Ukraine</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Another factor which is overlooked as well is </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia's dependence on Ukraine in the fields of industry and selected mineral resources</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. If these dependencies would not be resolved, the Russian Empire Project becomes unrealistic.</span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></b><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">How Russia tried to resolve its dependency on Ukraine</b><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia tried to replace all Ukrainian components by Russian ones</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">After the disappearance of the USSR, the interdependence between Ukraine and Russia was very deep. In November 1993 the Russian Federation decided to break its dependence on Ukraine, first of all in the military-industrial complex. A correspondent Classified Decree was issued by Russian President Borys Yeltsyn, and echoed by the special government program of the Russian Federation. Following these decisions Russia gradually replaced all Ukrainian components which it could replace with Russian-made parts.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Then there were ups and downs in this program, but now, 21 years later, it is safe to say that, particularly in the military field, </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia buys from Ukraine only the components which it cannot manufacture in Russia</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. Nevertheless </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Ukrainian machinery still is the leading article of Ukrainian export to Russia, which amounts for over $300 mln per year</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">; </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">banning the machinery import from Ukraine will inflict heavy damage on Russia</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">, so Russian threats to do so are mostly a bluff.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">From another hand, if Ukrainian companies will find buyers for their production outside Russia, and severe ties with (which is usually difficult) the Russian market, </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">this will be a major blow for Russian defense industry</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">At this time Russian defense industry reached the point when it cannot replace Ukrainian partners at affordable cost and in a reasonable time</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia tried to buy critical Ukrainian enterprises in 2013</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Under such conditions during the 1</span></span><sup style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">st</sup><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> half of 2013 Russia came to conclusion that the optimal strategy would be to buy the Ukrainian enterprises which it cannot replace. On December 2-3, 2013, at the starting days of Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity, Russian Vice Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin embarked on a “shopping tour”, visiting several enterprises of Ukrainian East and South. The Rogozin's tour did not yield any result for two reasons: Russia wanted to get control of the enterprises which are banned from privatization by Ukrainian law, and also because of the change of the regime which followed in three months.</span></span><br /><br /><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">'Novorossiya' consists of the regions Russia depends upon most</i><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">After the Yanukovych regime collapsed, Russia came up with the concept of Novorossiya, wrapped up in artificial ideological justifications of 'common language' and 'historical tradition'. In reality</span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Novorossiya</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> (Crimea, Donetsk, Lugansk, Zaporizhya, Mykolaiv, Kherson, and Odessa regions) </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">is the collection of the regions that house the most advanced Ukrainian industry assets, on which Russia depends</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">For Russia the most effective way to address these problems now, is to establish its control over entire Ukraine, or at least over its most critical parts</span><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</u><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The following sections will provide the necessary details of Russia's dependence. <strong></strong></span></span><br /><br /><h1 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Detailed Dependencies of Russia on Ukraine </h1>
<h3 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
A. Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)</h3>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russian conventional forces are deficient numbers- and technology-wise. At the same time Russian WMD are still massive; as a matter of fact Russia is the only state, which has nuclear deterrent capabilities that are compatible to the US</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">To great extent this is due to the Russian (built in Ukraine and serviced by Ukrainian engineers) SS-18 missiles, which together can deliver 680 nuclear warheads to any part of the World, and overcome most of the existing missile defense systems.</span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia needs to replace it's Nuclear Missiles in ten years</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">These missiles are far beyond the initial manufacturer's warranty time, but so far the annual verification launches show no serious problems.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Nevertheless the first group of ten missiles is due for retirement in 2016, and remaining 58 will have to go out of service during 2021-2024.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia builds new solid propellant missiles SS-27 and SS-N-32, but it has to deal with the need to replace the earlier built SS-25 and SS-27, which have a warrantied service term of only 12 years. In order to replace the phased out SS-19, and SS-18 which are due for retirement during the next 10 years </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia has to build circa 250 new SS-27 in ten years, not including the replacement of the aging SS-25</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdyz_mvuPQezpdfnk6e0-lXDHEDwzyDY6NZc7pYIhhpt9UDCvqw4jK8j-kWremkjT9OSv8u8uhr0GgMQkWkKwGlJo8r0-ZnQd2vK1z9uTcI0CsxbTruBn40IHIvA9NhOKToHkngFHvzCE/s1600/SS-27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdyz_mvuPQezpdfnk6e0-lXDHEDwzyDY6NZc7pYIhhpt9UDCvqw4jK8j-kWremkjT9OSv8u8uhr0GgMQkWkKwGlJo8r0-ZnQd2vK1z9uTcI0CsxbTruBn40IHIvA9NhOKToHkngFHvzCE/s1600/SS-27.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile (SLMB)</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The SLBM component of the Russian nuclear triad relies on Delta-IV in the north, and Delta-III (in Pacific) submarines. Pacific submarines are due for retirement, while the gap remains to be closed.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The emergence of the gap in the Russian navy component is in part due to the early phasing out of the giant Project 941 (Typhoon) submarines.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Scrapping these submarines was in part due to Russia's inability to manufacture SS-N-20 Sturgeon missiles, which used the Ukrainian-made </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multistage_rocket" style="color: #888888; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">first stage</a><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. The construction of the new generation of the submarines is going on schedule, but new SS-N-32 missile for them is not ready for deployment. When it will be ready, </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia will have to build 48 nuclear missiles at impossible schedule for already built vessels</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Meanwhile SS-N-32 and SS-27 are made by the same Votkinsk factory, which also builds Iskander (SS-26) missiles. Building this number of missiles is beyond its capabilities; expanding these capabilities faces quality control, financial, and human resources challenges.</span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Building a new ballistic missile</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Under such conditions Russia accepted the idea of building the new heavy ballistic missile, which was proposed by </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">NPO Makeyev</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> in 2002. The project is funded since 2008, but it did not even come to first tests by now. The set target of acceptance of the new missile in service was 2016-2018, but it is already clear that it will not be met.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">This means that in order to maintain the status of a nuclear superpower Russia must turn to using the capabilities of Ukrainian <em>Youzhmash</em> rocket factory, which manufactured the SS-18</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">It is not a surprise that Russia reacted extremely nervously at the April 2014 rumors about the Ukrainian plans to sell technical documentation for SS-18. For the sensitive matter as it is, Russia needs full and reliable control of the </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Youzhmash</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> factory, and of Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv regions (where the production is based).</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Without such control in ten years Russia will have lost its parity to the US in the WMD field</span><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </u><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Furthermore, Russia's plans of production of the new nuclear-capable cruise missiles Kh-101/102 also depends on Russia's ability to develop the alternative to Ukrainian-built engine, or </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">to get the Ukrainian one</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">These engines are built in Zaporizhya by Ukrainian </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Motor-Sich – Ivchenko </em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">company. </span></span><br /><br /><h3 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
B. Space Industry</h3>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Besides being the key component of the Russian nuclear deterrent, SS-18 missiles are also used commercially under the name </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Dnepr</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">, jointly by Russia and Ukraine. Because of the optimal combination of performance, price, and reliability it became the principal workhorse for the booming small satellite industry.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Ukrainian </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Youzhnoye</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> developed a multi-restart thrust engine for the rocket, and provides the 3</span></span><sup style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">rd</sup><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">stage of the rocket as well as the payload integration. </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Without Ukrainian participation Dnepr dominance at the small satellite market will be lost, delivering also a blow to the small satellite industry World-wide.</span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjAiVYDqWoQRcQVicBO4_cMTcCNJBYvJ1WReLUu2Z2aoHhrKRB9gqUerD4KV5gEr2iBZqxCNSNVuIWjZheOOV6OedH3YFI1fDPSwWBVPB2QZx6ssFk2ha79ku02T35Kj6HijT6jqz-jpU/s1600/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjAiVYDqWoQRcQVicBO4_cMTcCNJBYvJ1WReLUu2Z2aoHhrKRB9gqUerD4KV5gEr2iBZqxCNSNVuIWjZheOOV6OedH3YFI1fDPSwWBVPB2QZx6ssFk2ha79ku02T35Kj6HijT6jqz-jpU/s1600/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="480" /></a></div>
<br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">There is also a “negative” component for Russia in the absence of control over </span></span><i style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Youzhnoye</i><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. One can remember that at the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis, after the first round of the Western sanctions was rolled out, Russian Vice Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin jokingly stated that US will now have to use a trampoline for sending supply to the International Space Station (ISS). In a twisted way he was right: on July 13th 2014 the commercial cargo was delivered to ISS by the US rocked Antares-120, which used a Ukrainian-made “trampoline” - the 1</span></span><sup style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">st</sup><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> stage for Antares is made in Ukraine. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The guidance control systems (GCS) for Russian workhorse space launch vehicle Soyuz, and main commercial space bread-winner launch vehicle Proton are manufactured by the Kharkiv <em>Kommunar</em>company, which also makes the GCS Ukrainian-Russian Zenit</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia may have residual capability to make some GCS sets in Moscow at the </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Academician Pilyugin Centre</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">, which developed them, but the production rate in such case cannot match even the bare-bone needs of the Russian military.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Ukrainian-built and designed Zenit operates from the SeaLaunch floating platform, which is an engineering marvel and commercial disaster simultaneously. SeaLaunch is a subsidiary of the Russian flagship space company </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">RSC Energya</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. The ownership of this corporation is not completely disclosed, but its 11-member Board has 3 members from the </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Leader</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> management company. This company has</span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Rossija-Bank</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> as its biggest shareholder. </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Rossija-Bank</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> was exposed to the Western sanctions, as the cornerstone of the financial operations of the close circle of Vladimir Putin. This means that the close circle of Vladimir Putin to some extent depends on the smooth supply of the key components from Ukraine. </span></span><br /><br /><h3 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
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C. Nuclear Power Generation</h3>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">On the side of the nuclear power generation Russia's dependency on Ukraine is not less critical. Currently Russia prides itself with the fact that 17% of the worlds nuclear power is generated by Russian-made reactors, mostly the VVER-1000.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">At the same time the Russian nuclear power plants (NPP) which use the VVER-1000 also rely on the K-1000-60 turbine, which is built by the Ukrainian <em>Turboatom</em> in Kharkiv</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. Russia is capable to build turbines for power generation, but its own production capabilities are insufficient for serving the market, and the VVER-1000 units would have to be redesigned. </span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJO93fYYQ4AauIZMdnDzOmQEAPuO5NAUQeHElL7EtJIgIxQIYMY9Arnxhq0x38q83Yo_zcbl4E1kZ_0l6gSe-s6exzA6HU8pVgtXHR-zVXAHSHnZCo4Ix_3Nvdhz9fRMGn0Qe8cKJPsoc/s1600/640px-Wwer-1000-scheme.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJO93fYYQ4AauIZMdnDzOmQEAPuO5NAUQeHElL7EtJIgIxQIYMY9Arnxhq0x38q83Yo_zcbl4E1kZ_0l6gSe-s6exzA6HU8pVgtXHR-zVXAHSHnZCo4Ix_3Nvdhz9fRMGn0Qe8cKJPsoc/s1600/640px-Wwer-1000-scheme.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="402" /></a></div>
<br /><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Furthermore, Russian nuclear power generation faces imminent threat from Ukraine's program of cooperation with <em>Westinghouse</em></span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. Under the auspices of this program </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Westinghouse</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> developed its own version of the fuel rods for VVER reactors. The testing of these rods was completed at a South Ukrainian NPP, and the first experimental stock of </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Westinghouse</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> rods were delivered to Ukraine in 2014.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The successful operation of these rods means that starting 2015-2016 the procurement of the fuel rods to 10 Ukrainian VVER-1000 can be lost for Russia AND </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Westinghouse</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> will be perfectly positioned to compete with Russian nuclear fuel concern</span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> TVEL</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> for fuel supply to another 8-12 reactors in Bulgaria, Iran, China, Czech republic, and India.</span></span><br /><a href="http://powersource.post-gazette.com/powersource/companies-powersource/2015/01/01/Westinghouse-to-grow-Ukranian-fuel-presence/stories/201501010063" style="color: #888888; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">See this article</a><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></em><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Westinghouse</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> also established JV </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Westron</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> with Ukrainian </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Khartron</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> electronics company. </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Westron</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">offers control systems for NPPs, and already challenges Russian dominance in the control of the VVER-1000 segment of the nuclear power generation World-wide. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">All these expected developments are disturbing for the Russian nuclear power sector, and are far beyond the point where they could be addressed using just commercial instruments. </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Practically half of the Russia's nuclear fuel market will face a probable takeover by <em>Westinghouse</em>, plus Russia critically depends on Ukrainian materials</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. It has no time to develop the replacement capabilities for Ukrainian zirconium components, and doesn't have sufficient supply of Uranium.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Under such conditions the only way for Russia to secure stability of its nuclear power sector is to use military and/or political instruments to guarantee continued supply of Ukrainian materials</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> and to prevent expansion of Westinghouse in Ukraine, and internationally within the “Russian” 17% of the nuclear power sector.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Naturally, this applies only if Russia don't want to cooperate with Ukraine in a good faith and as equal partner. Unfortunately such cooperation contradicts its imperial agenda. <strong></strong></span></span><br /><br /><h3 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
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D. Conventional Weapons and Machinery Production</h3>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">In total there are 250-280 Ukrainian companies which are suppliers for the Russian defenses and aerospace enterprises. Among these the most important are as follows. </span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Kyiv <i>Artem</i> factory</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">In particular, </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Kyiv <em>Artem</em> factory is the manufacturer of the P-27 (АА-10 Alamo) air-to-air missiles, which are used by the Russian fighters Su-27, -33, and -34, MiG-29, and new bomber Su-35. Russia has no production of these missiles</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDJl3tweLe_ZgXiM0g_rw2c0QD7Y2vrzBgeLhtbGYZhp0HY8mGkyzwOvLYImRMlUeum8pt-Yh-EM7XwF6LFT98FJ7ho2GnzanNoVsOJ03xEZU0vHKXURR49Gt4LmmCmcVEQpgHbs8RQ8Q/s1600/P-27.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDJl3tweLe_ZgXiM0g_rw2c0QD7Y2vrzBgeLhtbGYZhp0HY8mGkyzwOvLYImRMlUeum8pt-Yh-EM7XwF6LFT98FJ7ho2GnzanNoVsOJ03xEZU0vHKXURR49Gt4LmmCmcVEQpgHbs8RQ8Q/s1600/P-27.JPG" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Kyiv <i>Arsenal</i></b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The seeker heads for the operational Russian air-based missiles were manufactured by one of the oldest defense companies in ex-USSR (since 1764), Kyiv </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Arsenal</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The interdependence in the field of transport and commercial aviation between Russia and Ukraine is particularly close. </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Ukrainian-designed super heavy cargo transporters An-124 were built in Russia, and still uses Ukrainian-made engines</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. The restoration of the production of An-124 is one of the key elements of the Russian 2020 defense program, while technical documentation, design documents, know-how and engines are all Ukrainian. The newest regional jet An-148 is manufactured in parallel in Russia and in Ukraine, also with reliance on Ukrainian documentation and power plant. Russia also developed the regional jet Sukhoi Super Jet Su-100. One of the key elements of the Super Jet design was the requirement to build the airplane which will not be using Ukrainian components. Following several years of efforts </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Sukhoi</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> ended up buying the replacement components and systems from the West. According to Russian estimates, the cost of the imported components now is ~55% of the cost of the airplane; this ratio is a good yardstick to measure the degree of dependence of the Russian aviation industry on Ukrainian supply. </span></span><br /><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></u><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Zaporizhya <em>Motor-Sich</em></b><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The design and production of the turboprop, turbofan, turboprop fan, and turbo shaft engines</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> for Russian IL-38; Be-12, -132, -200; Tu-334; and all Antonov airplanes (including An-124 and An-225 giant cargo transporters) which are operated by Russia </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">is concentrated at Zaporizhya <em>Motor-Sich</em>company</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Importantly, it also manufactures engines for all Russian helicopters, military and civilian, including the newest Mi-28H and Ka-51- and -52. Russia regularly states that it is about to break its dependence from Motor-Sich in two years, repeating this mantra since 1993.</span></span><br /><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></u><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Additionally, Motor-Sich makes gas power drivers for gas pumping turbines for Russian gas pipelines, gas preparation facilities, gas pumping units, and wind power turbines</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><br /><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></u><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Mykolaiv <em>Zarya-Mashproekt</em></b><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Another critical turbine designer and manufacturer is Mykolaiv <em>Zarya-Mashproekt</em>, which makes gas turbines for navy vessels</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> (up to 6.000 deadweight destroyers), and retained the ability to build gas turbine engines for cruisers.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">It also manufactures power plant for Russian landing hovercrafts Zubr, and for hydrofoil vessels. Russia plans to replace import of the navy turbines from Ukraine by 2018, but it is yet to be seen how it will manage to do so under the international sanctions.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">So far the new series of Russian frigates Project 22350, which are built by Kalinungrad </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Yantar</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">shipyard rely on procurement of gas turbines from Mykolaiv, and prospective designs of the Russian navy vessels account for the possibility of using Ukrainian gas turbines.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><em>Zarya</em> is also the leading supplier of the compressors for the Russian gas pipelines</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><br /><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></u><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Kyiv <em>Petrovsky Automation Plant</em> </b><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Dependence of the Russian navy on Ukrainian components also includes supply of gyroscope based control and navigation systems for main operational types of Russian torpedoes, and navigation equipment for Russian submarines; these are made in Kyiv at <em>Petrovsky Automation Plant</em></span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia's own production of gyroscopes was mostly lost during the 90s. Russian manufacturer of the subsea weapons </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Dvigatel</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> from St. Petersburg is the main customer of the </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Petrovsky's</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> production; in 2013 81% of the company's revenue came from export to Russia. </span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlESx2hxTJ7e-pq8m-yiOs5eM5q1ZdpLXR8ULdHFy6Pr5pJiu9bdaVzJOfkvGnxdGtrUqcFXPnjcfHNleIKgtdAGYLdeSo5DP1Mf0A7cQAEe-b53WXuEGfvIMtGy4k64LyVyRYjhpRkKY/s1600/Untitled-1+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlESx2hxTJ7e-pq8m-yiOs5eM5q1ZdpLXR8ULdHFy6Pr5pJiu9bdaVzJOfkvGnxdGtrUqcFXPnjcfHNleIKgtdAGYLdeSo5DP1Mf0A7cQAEe-b53WXuEGfvIMtGy4k64LyVyRYjhpRkKY/s1600/Untitled-1+copy.JPG" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
<br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Naval shipyards in Mykolayiv, Kherson (and Crimea)</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">It has to be noted also that Russian imperial ambitions require it to rebuild blue-water navy, which was mostly lost during the 90s.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Current Russian surface navy includes one aircraft carrier, one Kirov-class battlecruiser cruiser, 3 Slava class cruisers, and destroyers. The resources of the Russian navy are insufficient even to effectively control the entirety of the Russian economic zone. As Russian oil and gas production moves north and east due to exhaustion of the developed deposits Russia also need to grow its tanker fleet, building ice-class tankers and icebreakers. Combined needs of the Russian oil and gas industry, and of the Russian navy, especially for the large dead-weight vessels by far exceed the capacity of the Russian shipyards. Situation is so pressing that Russia had to turn to buying the amphibious assault ships from France, for the first time in a hundred years. </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The root of the problem is that the Soviet shipyards which have built aircraft carriers, Slava-class cruisers, and number of other blue water navy vessels were located in Ukrainian Mykolayiv, Kherson, and in Crimea. Russia needs to use the capacity of Ukrainian shipyards if it wants to restore its blue water navy</span><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </u><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Snizhne Turbine Blades factory</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">There are also scattered numerous suppliers of small, but mission-critical and sophisticated components for the most advanced machinery products of Russia; for instance the </span></span><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Snizhne Turbine Blades factory (on the occupied territory) holds monopoly position in supply of turbine blades for aviation engines.</span><br /><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></u><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Lviv Lorta company</b><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Lviv Lorta company provides electronics service stations for Russian surface-to-air SAMs S-300.</span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Sumy PJSC Sumy Frunze NPO</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">There are also selected enterprises which don't have defense and aerospace as the main field of cooperation with Russia. For instance, Sumy PJSC Sumy Frunze NPO is provider of the special pumping equipment for VVER reactors; pressure vessels, exchangers, and columns for chemical production; compressors for Russian oil and gas industry, etc.</span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Kramatorsk NKMZ</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Kramatorsk (recently re-taken by Ukrainian side) NKMZ is unique for ex-USSR provider of heavy machinery for mining, metallurgy, ore processing, pipelines, and shipbuilding.</span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Mariupol AZOVMASH</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Mariupol (re-taken by Ukrainian side in May of 2014) AZOVMASH is ex-USSR leading provider of the heavy steel-making equipment, heavy gantry cranes, containers for radioactive wastes, and variety of other heavy machinery.<strong></strong> </span></span><br /><br /><h3 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
E. Raw and Special Materials</h3>
<b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Titanium</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russian corporation </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="result_box" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">AVISMA controls 30% of the World titanium market, and works mainly for export. Consumers of the company are </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Boeing, EADS, Embraer, UTAS, Messier- Bugatti- Dowty, Rolls-Royce plc, Safran SA, Pratt & Whitney</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">; in Russia – </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Sukhoi</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> fighter manufacturer, and </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Perm Motors</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Without titanium products of AVISMA Russian aerospace industry will come to a stand still, and the World aerospace will have problems as well</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH1k33QY_iMtFqYEL6GqF3aMD8NW3-scB0eGS-Mxi6GcATUld2q6kZalvjS99lqWc8x2lJt2tSI9a1YB0y4iaO5ynMxNo0uJXMZmBLT7RguaoqnxiPAMSZblUqR_ebuY9C-AUWC43Wdzc/s1600/titanium-crystal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH1k33QY_iMtFqYEL6GqF3aMD8NW3-scB0eGS-Mxi6GcATUld2q6kZalvjS99lqWc8x2lJt2tSI9a1YB0y4iaO5ynMxNo0uJXMZmBLT7RguaoqnxiPAMSZblUqR_ebuY9C-AUWC43Wdzc/s1600/titanium-crystal.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /><u style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><br /></u><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Meanwhile 100% of titanium ore comes to AVISMA from Irshansk and Volnogorsk mines in Ukraine</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. These mines were recently transferred under control of Ukrainian PRIVAT Group, which is controlled by Ukrainian billionaires Kolomoisky and Bogolubov. There is a politically-motivated criminal case in Russia against Kolomoisky; he has no reason to supply titanium ore to Russia, while being capable to find international customers.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Scale of the disaster for the Russian defense industry, aerospace, shipbuilding and motors production following termination of Ukrainian ore supply is difficult to access. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">AVISMA claimed in September that they accumulated 8 months of reserves. Probably there are less, and countdown started in August. AVISMA can find ore elsewhere, but it will take time to adjust production, replace purification which is made in Ukraine, and the task will not be easy to accomplish, considering that AVISMA needs an increase of the World production of titanium ore by 50%. Accordingly 6-8 months since August 2014, is the natural time limit during which Russia must either restore normal relations with Ukraine, or put a pro-Russian government in Kyiv. </span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Ferroalloy materials</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Besides that Kolomoisky controls up to 30% of the World production of ferroalloy materials. Ferroalloys are a necessary doping component for production of quality steels. Russian metallurgy depends on Ukrainian ferroalloys, without which everything will crack, crush, and fall apart.</span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Special steels for rockets</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Further upstream in the ferrous metallurgy, Ukrainian </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Dniprospecsteel</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> metallurgy company is another source of critical import for Russia. This electric metallurgy company from Zaporizhya is monopoly supplier of the special steels for rocket and jet engines, instrumentation and bearing steel. </span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Zirconium</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Furthermore, zirconium components, as well as yellowcake for production of the fuel rods for VVER-1000 come from Ukraine. It is exported to Kazakhstan, where it is further enriched and tableted, and then goes to Russia for the fuel rod production by Russian </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">TVEL</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. Kazakhstan's government-owned</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="firstHeading" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Kazatomprom</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> holds a 10% stake in Westinghouse, and can be interested in the </span></span><em style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Westinghouse</em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">'s expansion in the VVER-1000 market.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia has no equivalent replacement for Ukrainian components, and has no developed deposits which can replace Ukrainian supply of uranium and zirconium for the needs of the nuclear industry</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">. </span></span><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Uranium - yellowcake</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">At the same time Ukraine holds Europe's biggest Uranium deposit in Novokonstanyinovka, and operates Zhovty Vody yellowcake refinery. Russia's own Uranium deposits are limited (although it has considerable stockpile of HEU), and it will take it years to develop the production of sufficient amounts of yellowcake to support its nuclear industry. Similar considerations apply to zirconium metallurgy, which is also critical for nuclear port generation. </span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpI5znshMuTUBjyX10fIvRGkVLgJ_1TXLonAV4TIlV6I6BBvHd3Qrtbd80c8FtV6fuZFA5N0SKPvi5DDrJSG9LHEkyK9MeIv3pN8wSeCqW4UuHP6845018IkD1jc8_c11Zqw0-Zm9EsNU/s1600/yellowcake.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpI5znshMuTUBjyX10fIvRGkVLgJ_1TXLonAV4TIlV6I6BBvHd3Qrtbd80c8FtV6fuZFA5N0SKPvi5DDrJSG9LHEkyK9MeIv3pN8wSeCqW4UuHP6845018IkD1jc8_c11Zqw0-Zm9EsNU/s1600/yellowcake.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Rare Earth Metals</b><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Ukrainian Pridneprovsky Chemical Works (also near Dnipropetrovsk) was the Soviet provider of Uranium salts, and of the rare earth metals, including hafnium, and also zirconium, tungsten, gallium, and molybdenum. Their customers are mostly in Russia. <strong></strong></span></span><br /><br /><h1 style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Conclusion</h1>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The provided examples of the Ukrainian export to Russia does not constitute the main part of the final product's cost, and almost never are the only product which Ukrainian company makes. At the same time without these products whole branches of the Russian military-industrial complex and of the Russian energy sector cannot function. In many cases the Ukrainian side holds critical know-how for which it will be necessary to develop an alternative production. This means years of research and big capital investments to be able to replace some piece of hardware that comes from Ukraine.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">So if one disregards the opportunity of a normal trade relations and set the mind on an enclosed and self-sufficient Empire, there are only two options left:</span></span><br /><ol style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">To go all the way and develop alternative production after years spent on developing the know-how and millions spent to build the national production capability, or</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">To grab the production in the neighboring country by force or by integration of this country in the super-state structure like Customs Union of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.</li>
</ol>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Russia weighted the first option, and tried that for over twenty years; it did not work.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">Accordingly, Russia had to either abandon the imperial agenda, or to try to take over the needed assets. Russia obviously elected the takeover, after the attempt of integration of Ukraine in the Customs Union failed. This was not the only factor which defined Russia's decision to start the “hybrid war” in Ukraine, but was certainly among the important factors which Russia considered. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">The geographical location of the critical assets are Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Zaporizhya, Donetsk and Mykolaiv regions, with only four companies located further West. Mykolaiv and neighboring Kherson house four big shipyards (two other are in Crimea), which are the birthplace of the Soviet blue water navy. Lack of shipyard capacity in Russia, especially for the big deadweight vessels, is so critical that Russia had to turn to buying the landing assault vessels in France.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">These regions, together with Odessa (which is a major warm water port) and Lugansk form the imaginary Novorossiya state which Russia initially planned. The regions are mostly Russian-speaking, which gave Russia the reason to expect that Novorossiya will practically fall of from Ukraine after just a little “hybrid war” push. This was a miscalculation. The people in the targeted regions do mostly speak Russian, but most of them (over 80% now) consider themselves Ukrainian, as French-speaking Swiss are still Swiss, German-speaking Austrians are still Austrians, or English-speaking Irish are still Irish. The Novorossiya agenda failed everywhere except for eastern part of Crimea, Donetsk and Lugansk regions, where the majority of locals associate themselves with Russian or Soviet cultural tradition. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">As the result of this miscalculation of the factors of public support, Russia found itself in a dire situation. The “imperial project” failed; it had destroyed its relations with the supplier of the critical components for its defense and aerospace, and has now to make big investments in development of the national production capabilities. Meanwhile it is exposed to the international sanctions, its finances are in disarray, and the main source of the budget revenues is drying out because of the decline of the oil prices. These factors are relatively slow-acting, but can cripple Russian military power and nuclear sector in 2-3 years, pushing it deeper in the ranks of the resource-based economies with no prospective of becoming a modern state. </span></span><br /><br /><br /><b style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">References</b><br /><ol>
<li style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Yana Korobko, Mahmoud N. Musa. The Shifting Global Balance of Power: Perils of a World War and Preventive Measures, 2014, USA.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;">A. Zhalko-Tytarenko, Ukraine at a Divergence Point Diplomatic Courier, November 27, 2013.</span></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 12.3199996948242px;">http://ukraineatwar.blogspot.nl/2015/02/russia-needs-ukraine-to-fulfill-its.html</span></span></li>
</ol>
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-72603739341252386872015-01-09T07:12:00.002+02:002015-01-09T07:18:20.187+02:00The "religion of peace" - the list of Islamic Terror Attacks For the Past 30 Days.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi20O5FA_XZ4NOCx7nSnnIfpimkdCdR8YdeN6SZWbAjZwFkr0G_gOB6QqrLo-5VG8NWV2awSKaFglHt3LMqGVyzgEVdIVumslRGAoDJ_RSfAbwXvwRwS7Mv-6EXSK3ssaq_8MZ7LoOLRQo/s1600/muslim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi20O5FA_XZ4NOCx7nSnnIfpimkdCdR8YdeN6SZWbAjZwFkr0G_gOB6QqrLo-5VG8NWV2awSKaFglHt3LMqGVyzgEVdIVumslRGAoDJ_RSfAbwXvwRwS7Mv-6EXSK3ssaq_8MZ7LoOLRQo/s1600/muslim.jpg" height="1500" width="800" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: 18px;">List of Islamic Terror Attacks For the Past 30 Days. This was the Christmas present they gave us all, this year..</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/index.html#attacks">http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/index.html#attacks</a><br />
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bigger image here <a href="http://imgur.com/UGCjEp0">http://imgur.com/UGCjEp0</a>John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-39262375612104051442014-12-12T06:01:00.001+02:002014-12-12T07:43:14.400+02:00America vs Russia. <div class="text_exposed_root text_exposed" id="id_548a67feb23231389233005">
<em>Gentlemen: </em><br />
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<em> You have undertaken to cheat me. I won't sue you, for the law is too slow. I'll ruin you.</em><br />
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<em> Yours truly, Cornelius Vanderbilt.</em><br />
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Capitalism 101. :)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyOH5uF-ERE7NHXlK8PJOfsYRwaYODWvdjZrzZl4j9uVuYJ92aDSiqEmzskOfapCSvaQW2fBc3zClfEJSA6obDg0bIlsXuZr_t9-wXGmoAk7_jnIW6wGN4NCRCGklbW1sn3tTHYwnlvuc/s1600/196083_10150164722996565_4964572_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyOH5uF-ERE7NHXlK8PJOfsYRwaYODWvdjZrzZl4j9uVuYJ92aDSiqEmzskOfapCSvaQW2fBc3zClfEJSA6obDg0bIlsXuZr_t9-wXGmoAk7_jnIW6wGN4NCRCGklbW1sn3tTHYwnlvuc/s1600/196083_10150164722996565_4964572_n.jpg" height="640" width="522" /></a></div>
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Bugetul Rusiei pe 2015 este calculat la un preț al barilului de 105 dolari. Ghinion. :)</div>
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<a href="http://freebeacon.com/national-security/pentagon-considering-deployment-of-nuclear-missiles-in-europe/">http://freebeacon.com/national-security/pentagon-considering-deployment-of-nuclear-missiles-in-europe/</a></div>
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John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-52156319164961999502014-10-15T20:44:00.000+03:002014-10-15T20:47:15.914+03:00Capitalism - Rusia: 18 - 0.<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; line-height: 15.4559993743896px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Tom McGuire, who heads the project, said he and a small team had been <b>working on fusion energy</b> at Lockheed's secretive Skunk Works for about four years, but were now going public to find potential partners in industry and government for their work.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br />Initial work demonstrated the feasibility of building a 100-megawatt reactor measuring seven feet by 10 feet, which could fit on the back of a large truck, and is about 10 times smaller than current reactors, McGuire told reporters.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /><span style="color: #141823;"><span style="font-size: 14.3999996185303px; line-height: 15.4559993743896px;">In a statement, the company, the Pentagon's largest supplier, said it would build and test a <b>compact fusion reactor in less than a year</b>, and build a prototype in five years.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 15.4559993743896px;"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/andrea-shalal-lockheed-nuclear-fusion-breakthrough-2014-10?utm_content=buffer473ac&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer">http://www.businessinsider.com/andrea-shalal-lockheed-nuclear-fusion-breakthrough-2014-10?utm_content=buffer473ac&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer</a></span></span></div>
John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-58267603065850071172014-10-15T07:18:00.004+03:002014-10-15T07:21:01.324+03:00Capitalism has failed, communism has never been tried<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLCHEA3KUEnkoeMNLfn62Kr5eM4x-C3TbOhB4lHdbhuN61-msKtZCw8MzjMlj3JUyEJT03M4_wZ84_nWBGkIxLg3wz1ZhKy5repaM9abZuKSl85sgYl7xqLRuEzTeZLq_3V3WXeNb_ORo/s1600/cap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLCHEA3KUEnkoeMNLfn62Kr5eM4x-C3TbOhB4lHdbhuN61-msKtZCw8MzjMlj3JUyEJT03M4_wZ84_nWBGkIxLg3wz1ZhKy5repaM9abZuKSl85sgYl7xqLRuEzTeZLq_3V3WXeNb_ORo/s1600/cap.jpg" height="246" width="780" /></a></div>
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via <a href="https://www.facebook.com/North.Atlantic.Treaty.Organization/photos/a.121478538022378.1073741825.104697359700496/152516901585208/?type=1&theater">NatoBall.</a>John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-20418649267278905112014-10-04T16:36:00.004+03:002014-10-08T03:25:13.411+03:00Peter Bruegel cel Bătrân "Triumful morţii" si "Prostia omeneasca".<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB-UDsH7Tf6IOP03s9Ky5KMYkzeeVMWxfq0sIUzme-Yn39XLTg6Ulj3Cn4ityv3ge4FDOx53UEltfNFV7qYSaRnAkrTfuJ3tsA0xm_tZ6W6wwaWxrgggjFTNwY9dgYWZnudOplOrX_GhQ/s1600/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Dutch_Proverbs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB-UDsH7Tf6IOP03s9Ky5KMYkzeeVMWxfq0sIUzme-Yn39XLTg6Ulj3Cn4ityv3ge4FDOx53UEltfNFV7qYSaRnAkrTfuJ3tsA0xm_tZ6W6wwaWxrgggjFTNwY9dgYWZnudOplOrX_GhQ/s1600/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Dutch_Proverbs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" height="520" width="780" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.81px; line-height: 18.15px;">“Prostia omenească” <a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_853347400">=</a></span><a href="http://artcritic.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/doua-tablouri-infricosatoare-si-amuzante-de-peter-bruegel-cel-batrant">http://artcritic.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/doua-tablouri-infricosatoare-si-amuzante-de-peter-bruegel-cel-batrant</a>/</span></td></tr>
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<span class="articol_insert" style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11px; font-style: italic; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">Publicăm viziunea unui broker asupra întregii istorii a pieţei noastre de capital, expusă într-o surprinzătoare formă jurnalistică, care dovedeşte că ar fi putut să îmbrăţişeze şi această carieră. Autorul ne-a cerut să păstrăm confidenţialitatea asupra numelui său pentru un timp, astfel încât cititorii să se concentreze asupra problematicii din textul său, iar nu asupra personalităţii sale, aşa cum îndeobşte o fac comentatorii, care se supun zicalei că "prostul, când îi arăţi luna, se uită la deget".<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span>La Început a fost Cuvântul şi Dumnezeu era Cuvânt.</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Aşa începe Evanghelia lui Ioan, aşa a început Lumea! Şi Bursa e o Lume! La începutul Bursei a fost Cuvântul... de Onoare - Încrederea... şi Bursa era Încredere. Poate la ei, acolo. La noi un Demiurg hâd, dornic să legitimeze un sistem politic printr-un mecanism al economiei de piaţă a zis: "Să fie Bursă!" şi a făcut Bursa după chipul şi asemănarea sa: originală ca şi democraţia proas¬păt instalată, criptocomunistă ca nou-cocoţaţii la putere, arogantă ca pseudoelitele economice apărute din traficul cu blugi şi rulmenţi.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /> La noi, Bursa nu a apărut pentru că nişte gentlemani s-au adunat sub un copac şi s-au gândit ei să-şi dezvolte afacerile ori să înceapă altele noi în domenii de mare risc, dar şi cu perspective de creştere uimitoare, folosind, alături de banii lor, şi banii altora, acceptând din start să împartă corect profiturile cu ceilalţi, ci pentru a se pune ştampila "Capitalist" pe economia României şi a albi transferul de active către Foştii, pe principiul: la vremuri noi, tot noi, şi, dacă nu noi... atunci copiii noştri... fir-aţi ai dracu' cu melcii şi democraţia voastră!</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /> Apărută la comandă, într-un sistem economic nici cal, nici măgar, nici călare, nici pe jos, care încerca să-şi găsească direcţia, Bursa a fost tratată ca un corp străin într-un organism viu: respingere şi, în cel mai bun caz, indiferenţă. E drept că premisele păreau promiţătoare. Gândită iniţial ca o platformă de tranzacţionare a Programului de Privatizare în Masă şi moşită de experţii USAID, la noi, piaţa a pornit deja cu o infrastructură şi cu un nivel de dezvoltare cu mult peste ce era nevoie şi era potrivit pentru realităţile româneşti. Rezultatul a fost similar cu a pune la manşa unui F16 un viteaz războinic boşiman.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /> Cât e pe pilot automat, mai zboară, pe urmă trece la arat pământul mai ceva ca MIG-urile primăvara la noi.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /> În zadar Make şi alţi profeţi strigau în pustie: Urmaţi Calea ce o aveţi de urmat! Lăsaţi liber tranzacţionabile miile de societăţi din privatizare, voi păstraţi-le pe cele mari, pe cele Alese, pe cele care aleg Calea, şi vedeţi-vă de finanţarea economiei... aste e Bursa, Asta e Calea... Şi Adevărul... şi Viaţa Economiei. Cine să aibă urechi să audă... minte să priceapă, căci mulţi auzeau, şi mai mulţi vedeau şi unii chiar citeau, dar de înţeles, înţelegeau doar... calendarul anual... cel cu fete frumoase...</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Pseudokinegeticos</b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /> Căci întinse şi mănoase erau păşunile celor aproape şase mii de societăţi listate de pleznea fierea în bursele mature că nu aveau nici pe departe atâţia vajnici emitenţi.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Şi păşteau pe ele cam la 16 milioane de bizoni mioritici, purtându-şi cu mândrie coarnele de acţionari părtaşi la avuţia naţională.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Peste acest mirific paradis, domnea, mai ceva ca leul în parcul Serenghetti, Reglementatorul. Cu drept de viaţă şi de moarte asupra a tot ce mişca, o încruntare a sprâncenei sale crea vânzoleală printre zebrele puşcăriabile şi constipaţie totală printre facocerii râmători prin gunoaiele pieţei. Mai puţin impresionate erau ţestoasele cu carapace la nivel înalt, porcii cu şoriciul suficient de gros să trateze amenzile cu o amnezie permanentă şi girafele expate care priveau dispreţuitor din gât de fildeş la mişculaţiile locale scrutând cu interes următoarea mutare globală pentru carieră proprie.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Ca hienele s-au repezit brokerii asupra bizonilor mioritici, fugărindu-i din pădure de la Focşani până în dealul Feleacului, din Cotul Pisicii până în Dumbrava Sibiului, ocolind prin blocurile din Ferentari.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Şi strigăt victorios scoteau ei când smulgeau cuponul mai ceva ca apaşii când luau scalpul duşmanilor. Rămânea în urmă un hoit inutil şi sângerând ca al elefantului căruia i se smulg fildeşii. Unul din zece dacă ar fi fost lăsat în viaţă, atras spre piaţă, aveam acum sute de mii de investitori şi nu nici măcar zece mii.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Crocodilii de la registrele independente se aţineau pe la vaduri cu extrasele de cont şi codurile confidenţiale zăpăcind bizonii bătuţi de soare în cap şi speriaţi de lucrurile sofisticate, luându-şi parte consistentă din pradă atunci când nu serveau integral lista acţionarilor celor interesaţi.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Şacalii evaluatori amuşinau pe la colţuri, făcând minuni mai ceva ca Isus, transformând două pâini şi cinci mii de peşti, mai albinoşi e drept, în milioane de euro şi mai rămânând ca la paisprezece coşuri de firimituri pentru capital de lucru, teleportând valoarea terenurilor din City-ul londonez la Pocreaca din Deal, stabilind o valoare de Rembrandt la tablourile unor iluştri monştri sacri locali, faza pe trei comune, secţiunea "Răpirea din serai", ce se aportau la capitalul social, fiind indispensabile funcţionării companiei, dacă era vorba de interesul acţionarului majoritar. Dimpotrivă, aceiaşi evaluatori stabileau, fără putinţă de tăgadă, că ce-i în mână este clar minciună, că o societate fără datorii, profitabilă şi curată ca lacrima, nu face nici jumate din cashul pe care îl are pentru că, indubitabil, aşa ceva nu există, că valoarea metrului pătrat de spaţiu comercial într-un oraş mare e cam aceeaşi ca a unui metru pătrat din halda de cianură ori că o rafinărie ce se vânduse cu miliarde de dolari avea, după ceva timp, o valoare de Agromec, dacă era vorba de eliminat minoritarii.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Nu puteau lipsi necrofagii lichidatori ce aşteptau la morgă pantru a direcţiona oasele remanente spre burţile care trebuie şi în nici un caz spre a mai da acţionarilor măcar pielea defunctei societăţi.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> În cazul lor, e o chichiţă, zice că cine nu-i gata, acasă, să ceară şi praful de pe toba ce i s-ar fi aruncat în ochi, să fie sănătos, cu lopata firmiturile respective rămân în mâna asociaţiei lor. Mirifica şi curat constituţionala garantare a dreptului de proprietate.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Părea normal ca, dacă societatea la care te-a făcut Văcăroiu acţionar, dă faliment, asta e, valoarea ei devine zero şi ai pierdut "doar" totul. NU! Suntem ţara absolutului absurd, în care Kafka ar fi preşedintele potrivit. Şi pe urmă este şi scris: "Celui ce are i se va da, celui ce nu are şi ce are i se va lua". Şi se traduce cam aşa: nu ai contract de muncă, poate eşti chiar asistat social, dar ai ghinionul să fi fost acţionar la societatea X, lucru care poate l-ai uitat dacă nu cumva nici nu l-ai ştiut. Societatea a distribuit un dividend cu o valoare atât de mică încât nu acoperea mandatul poştal ca să-ţi fie trimis şi nu l-a trimis. Între timp, societatea a dat faliment, valoarea acţiunilor e nulă, dar vigilenţii de la Casa de Sănătate descoperă că trebuia plătit CAS! Nu contează că nu s-a primit nici un ban, contează că s-a distribuit, că figurează în acte, că e scris într-o ordonanţă de guvern a lui Boc şi, în zelul lor cretin, calculează penalităţi pentru 4 sau 5 ani. În cazul asistaţilor, li se taie ajutoarele sociale şi sunt ameninţaţi cu puşcăria pentru că au ascuns că au venituri din dividende, fiind nişte evazionişti de aceeaşi ţeapă cu un păvăleanu, marta şi boerică. Au fost judeţe unde pensionarii au plătit din banii de medicamente dări, pentru sume infime, neprimite niciodată, până când o decizie a Curţii Constituţionale a stabilit că pensionarii sunt asimilaţi salariaţilor şi nu trebuie să plătească CAS la dividende şi dobânzi.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Şi aşa apar la uşa SSIF-urilor oameni care roagă să fie scăpaţi de acţiunile din PPM la orice preţ şi care sunt în stare să plătească mai mult decât au de luat numai să nu mai figureze cu ele. Sfârşit apoteotic al Programului de Privatizare în Masă (PPM).</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* O naţionalizare cu semn opus</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Şi, de fapt, ce a fost acest PPM? Cel mai rău lucru care s-ar fi putut întâmpla pieţei de capital. O naţionalizare cu semn opus. Sau, mai bine zis, o altă perversiune a naţionalizării fiindcă masochişti fiind, am mai vrut odată şi înc-o dată. Dacă la 11 iunie paş'opt li s-a luat celor ce aveau totul şi s-a dat celor mulţi, reprezentaţi prin conducători, acum, după loviluţie, li s-a dat tot celor mulţi 30% din economia naţională. Într-un ultim delir comunist s-a împărţit egal o halcă din avuţia ţării tuturor, fie că era pensionar care lucrase 40 de ani sau puşti care tocmai terminase profesionala, cercetător sau alt intelectual care scrisese ceva în cărţi ori citise câteva biblioteci sau pierde vară fofilat, că pe vremea aia teoretic nu erau şomeri, profesor eminent sau beţiv tolerat prin vreun post uitat de stres, chirurg salvator a sute de vieţi sau curvă la Intercontinental, celui care economisise acolo o brumă de bani ca şi celui ce era înglodat în datorii, "ceare-uri" şi căciuli. Tuturor egal, egal, egal. Dacă naţionalizarea a fost înfăptuită de comuniştii aduşi de tancurile sovietice şi sub ameninţarea Nagan-ului, privatizarea a fost gândită de puii aceloraşi comunişti doar că la lumina de Licurici, sub evantai European, cu supervizare iluminată, susţinere bubula şi binecuvântarea unui sobor de preoţi. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Dar dacă sistemul comunist a fost o imbecilitate economică care a dat-o cu oiştea în gard, sistemul gândit după acelaşi principiu nu putea avea decât acelaşi rezultat. DEZASTRU. Ceea ce pun în discuţie este principiul egalităţii după care s-a făcut privatizarea în masă: un principiu comunist stând la baza construcţiei pieţei de capital - o instituţie a capitalismului. S-a văzut în timp că baza construcţiei nu e solidă, că nu putem construi nimic durabil.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Ceea ce trebuia să fie stindardul şi barometrul economiei de piaţă, după 19 ani, nu se poate autosusţine din economia privată şi după ce a fitirisit PPM-ul stă, în continuare, cu ochii hulpavi şi limba scoasă după oasele pe care le mai aruncă statul prin privatizările pachetelor cerute şi impuse de FMI. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Ce trebuia să fie mândria capitalismului românesc cerşeşte listările statului şi aşteaptă mântuirea, fără a avea vreo urmă de credinţă ori un strop de încredere, de la un Mesia venit din Nord nerecunoscând că bazele construcţiei nu au fost solide, că fundaţia e clădită pe minciună, că minciuna duce la minciună şi că edificiul creat este pervertit pentru că pervertiţi sunt toţi participanţii.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">Pervertirea tuturor</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Autoritatea </b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Dacă bursa ar fi pornit de la zero, rolul Autorităţii ar fi fost minim. La umbra legislaţei copiate oricum de afară, regulile trebuiau făcute de piaţă, piaţă însemnând bursă şi brokeri, iar bursa şi brokerii trebuiau să găsească acele reguli care să-i facă pe investitori să vină cu banii şi pe emitenţi să accepte finanţarea, să o caute şi să respecte regulile stabilite. Treaba Autorităţii era să vadă dacă legile sunt respectate, dacă participanţii îşi asumă şi se conformează regulilor, iar ea să vină cu nişte regulamente prin care să arbitreze interesele divergente.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Din nefericire, PPM-ul a adus câteva milioane de acţionari total afoni şi neştiutori, făcuţi acţionari cu forţa de către stat care prin organul său trebuia să-i şi protejeze. În consecinţă, luându-şi în serios rolul de poliţai al pieţei, Organul a folosit pulanul din dotare în primul şi în primul rând pe spinarea brokerilor (nu că ei ar fi fost vreo adunare evlavioasă de calugăriţe), că erau mai la îndemână şi mai uşor de controlat. Pe măsură ce mai apărea un scandal în piaţă şi câte un broker sau vreun alt participant la piaţă se dedulcea la caşcaval, se intervenea mult prea târziu şi mult prea disproporţionat, stabilind reguli stricte ce protejau punctual PPM-iştii dar îngreunau şi distrugeau business-ul pieţei. Totul a culminat în urma scandalului CI-CO cu o dispunere de măsuri care stabilea că acţiunile trebuie numerotate şi că fiecare acţiune să aibă un număr pentru a putea fi urmărită. Ar fi pleznit calculatoarele dacă s-ar fi aplicat, iar un extras de cont ar fi arătat ca o enciclopedie în cinci volume. În acest timp, CA-urile şi majoritarii, care fugeau cu societăţile în spinare, nu erau atinşi nici cu o floare dacă mimau o minimă conformare cu legea.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> PPM-ul a făcut ca rolul principal în stabilirea regulilor să fie al Reglementatorului. Şi, de atunci, piaţa merge cu frâna de mână trasă. Undeva în jurul anilor 2000, exista o discuţie ca brokerii să obţină autoreglementarea. Ghinionul a fost că madam Vlas ceruse autoreglementarea pentru organismele de plasament colectiv unde era preşedintă şi matroană. Dezastrul FNI a făcut ca reglementarea să treacă total, definitiv şi irevocabil în parohia Autorităţii. Nimeni nu mai respiră, inspiră, transpiră, expiră şi moare în piaţă decât dupa ce raportează la Organ. Rezultatul: se intervine de către stat în contractele dintre privaţi, se stabileşte tot de către stat cine, unde, când şi cum se listează, decizii care ar trebui să aparţină mediului economic se iau de stat. Dimpotrivă, decizii care ar trebui luate de autoritate ferm sunt pasate unor privaţi ale căror conflicte de interese sunt mai mult decât evidente într-o spălare de mâini care îl face simpatic şi pe Pilat din Pont.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Bursa</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Înzestrată de la început cu mii de emitenţi şi milioane de acţionari, asimilată cu o entitate de stat a avut în primii ani aceeaşi atitudine şi mentalitate ca orice altă instituţie bugetară. Nepunând la îndoială profesionalismul personalului, atitudinea faţă de emitenţi, brokeri şi investitori a variat între o condescendenţă binevoitoare cu urme de superioritate şi oţărala ţăţistică specifică unui ghişeu de reclamaţii. Ferm convinşi că ei pun doar terenul şi că alţii trebuie să vină cu echipele şi să joace, dormind liniştiţi călare pe profiturile nedistribuite din primii ani de funcţionare, taxele plătite de emitenţi şi comisioanele relativ mari, ancoraţi într-un paseism sămănătorist din aerul rarefiat şi condiţionat de la etajul paisprezece au considerat că numărul de simpozioane pe cap de emitent şi cantitatea de pişcoturi consumate pe cap de invitat ca indicatori de performanţă. Au considerat că protocoalele de colaborare cu puternicele burse din Peru până în Burkina Faso sunt esenţiale pentru atragerea de noi emitenţi, că în călătoriile de documentare prin Patagonia se pot găsi răspunsuri la aşteptările investitorilor locali. Toate astea în loc să sară la gâtul Legislativului şi Guvernului pentru facilităţi fiscale la societăţile listate şi avantaje pentru investitori, să ţină la respect Autoritatea respingând regulile care afectau buna funcţionare a pieţei, să pună biciul pe brokeri şi să-i alerge pe teren după emitenţi şi investitori, să fie utilă şi atractivă emitenţilor, prietenoasă şi deschisă cu investitorii, ea însăşi primul exemplu de transparenţă, să fie prima care ia de urechi majoritarul şi dă cu el de pământ când acesta sare calul mergând până la excluderea ipochimenului din club şi tratarea lui ca pe o persona non grata. Să facă totul pentru a asigura Încrederea.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Brokerii</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Deveniţi brokeri peste noapte, precum odată ofiţerii armatei populare la apelul bocancilor, în primii ani erau ferm convinşi că recolta de cupoane la hectar e supremul act de competenţă. Aduşi repede cu picioarele pe pământ de criza asiatică şi de bâlbâielile cederiste, au început lupta pentru supravieţuire care intrând sub umbra unui SIF, la sân de mogul, pulpană de boier afacerist, ţâţă de bancă, ori tetina de multinaţională, rămânând cam la o mână de independenţi. Şi fiecare a trecut la spălarea chiloţilor din grupul aparţinător care a adunat cu cupoanele din raza de acţiune şi ce mai dădea Domnu'... prim-ministrul de la vremea respectivă (o prostituţie cum au fost tranzacţionarea acţiunilor persoanelor disponibilizate) se putea supravieţui. Tsunamiul FNI venit ca o urmare firească în timp a scandalurilor jocurilor piramidale total nereglementate şi ca o încununare a şmenului SAFI incipient reglementat şi mai jenant supravegheat, a ras orice urmă de credibilitate în sistemul financiar nebancar lăsând brokerii cvasi şomeri pentru ani de zile. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Trecut-au anii!... Când, în sfârşit, s-au trezit din lanul de cupoane şi au aflat şi ei cu ce se mănâncă treaba asta cu bursa, brokerii au nimerit în valul de bani ieftini care bântuia economia mondială şi care inundase România ce preadera - adera la UE. Urmările: deodată cupoanele au căpătat o valoare mirobolantă şi acel 8% era pe măsură. Mai nou şi rezidualele de la SIF-uri aveau valoare, de cozile la uşile brokeriilor erau ca la farmacii în zi de compensate. Orice luau brokerii pe vremea aceea creştea ca activele fondurilor în zi de raportare, că fiecare se credea pe sine un mic Midas, iar pe Buffett un moşneag depăşit. Dacă mai aveau şi geniul de a lua ceva acţiuni la vreun zarzavat ruginit, dar mare deţinător de terenuri, deveneau gata căpătuiţi. Cei care totuşi încercau să aducă vorba de finanţare şi luau taurul de coarne băteau la uşi închise. Căci factorul de decizie de la posibilul emitent îi privea cu o superioritate abia mascată şi în primul rând sublinia inspiraţia de a nu fi vândut cu un an, doi înainte, timp în care valoarea activelor şi a "biznisului" s-au dublat. Explica grăbit că în ultimele zile a fost contacat de 2 jucători strategici, vizitat de o mână de fonduri de private equity, agasat de o ciurdă de directori de bănci, sunat personal de patru vicepreşedinţi şi a fost invitat de alţi doi preşedinţi să joace tabinet, că la golf dovedise competenţe limitate. Problema mare era timpul. La întrebarea "în cât timp?" se poate finaliza finanţarea pe bursă brokerul înghiţea în sec, bâiguia "şase luni" cu jumătate de gură, ştiind că nu e nici o şansă. La care Factorul amintea că ultima majorare de împrumut durase 3 zile. Bună ziua! Finanţarea prin bursă - imposibilă...</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Investitorii </b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Ei ar fi trebuit să fie cei fără pată precum pruncii şi piaţa de capital să-i facă să vină la ea.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> La început au supt la sânul ei laptele dulce dar şi otrăvit al câştigurilor mari şi rapide. Căci de partea cealaltă, acţionarii PPM n-au ştiut niciodată valoarea reală a acţiunilor lor şi le-au dat pe mai nimic şi te miri ce, funcţie de necazuri şi nevoi, câteodată din prostie, că era decizie de la domnu' director sau rugăminte de la dom' primar ori că aşa făcuse vecinul sau îi ceruse băiatul cel mare bani de frigider. Acţionarii PPM şi, de fapt, ulterior, toţi cei care au primit aproape gratis acţiuni, fie că au fost angajaţi ai unor bănci, salariaţi pentru care sindicatul obţinuse facilităţi, acţionari din PAS-uri ce oricum erau avantajate la achiziţionarea pachetului de la stat şi unde se făcuseră toate artificiile ca plata să nu fie resimţită în ziua de salariu, inclusiv ulterior despăgubiţii la Fondul Proprietatea, toţi s-au raportat la aceste acţiuni având valoare de achiziţie zero. Orice ban primit era în plus şi era considerat un câştig şi la prima tresărire de preţ rupeau bid-urile. În consecinţă, investitorii au câştigat legal frumoase averi, dar nu a fost un joc fair-play pentru că nu au jucat de la egal la egal. Într-o piaţă normală, unde acţionarii ar fi dat bani pe acele acţiuni, preţurile de tranzacţionare ar fi fost mai aproape de valoarea reală.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> "Cum îi creşti aşa îi ai" - se zice despre copii, "o ţară are conducătorii pe care îi merită", iar o piaţă are investitorii pe care şi-i formează. Ori investitorii noştri nu au crescut cu IPO-uri multe, sănătoase şi naturale (Banca Transilvania singura excepţie şi singurul caz de succes total), n-au luat companii de mici să le crească şi să crească odată cu ele. Îndopaţi cu semipreparatele pline de E-uri cancerigene ale combinaţiilor în care statul îşi băgase mai mult sau mai puţin coada, serviţi cu bolnave IPO-uri făcute pentru exitul iniţiaţilor urmate de falimente răsunătoare, duşi cu zăhărelul unor MCS-uri (majorări de capital social) la societăţi unde se mima deschiderea spre piaţă cât mirosea a bani şi sictiriţi dumnezeieşte ulterior, investitorii au căpătat o constituţie şubredă ca mediul în care se formaseră. În continuare abuzaţi, batjocoriţi şi furaţi prin toate metodele de majoritar, nebăgaţi în seamă de emitenţi, persiflaţi de brokeri, neprotejaţi de Autoritate şi trimişi la plimbare în justiţie, vânaţi şi trataţi ca nişte paraziţi de către fisc, priviţi ca nişte speculatori ordinari de legiuitori, au dezvoltat cel mai toxic sentiment pentru piaţa de capital: Neîncrederea. Apărută în mod justificat ca un antidot natural şi ca o formă de apărare, neîncrederea lor e cancerul care macină piaţa şi blochează orice încercare de revenire. Neîncrederea lor e veninul care paralizează orice tentativă de a duce lucrurile în direcţia bună. Cuplată cu cârcoteala specifică din bătrâni şi cu capacitatea nou descoperită de a macula pe cel ce iese în faţă şi vrea să mişte lucrurile duc împreună la mormăielile: "Cine-i ăsta? Las' că ştim noi; Vrea să ne facă; prea scump; prea îndatorat; a mai falimentat odată; prea are un singur client; prea mulţi clienţi; e lohn; n-are piaţă; n-are viaţă; ăla e management? prea mică marja; nu are ebitda mare; sectorul stă prost etc, etc". O bună parte a investitorilor noştri par a se fi transformat în corul babelor bocitoare profesioniste. Neîncrederea lor este prima şi cea mai mare barieră a pieţei de capital în calea IPO-urilor private.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> E falia adancă între aşteptările investitorilor trecuţi prin toate cele de mai sus şi nivelul pe care îl cer entităţile private pentru a se finanţa pe bursă. Şi acesta e marele blocaj. Cei care cu bună credinţă ar accepta să folosească finanţarea din bursă renunţând la o parte a proprietăţii lor vor să o facă la un preţ corect (acceptă şi un discount rezonabil... dar atât) din punctul lor de vedere, care e la ani lumină de preţurile pe care le doresc investitorii. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Emitenţii</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Listaţi prin efectul legii, nu au avut nici un avantaj sau folos de la piaţa de capital. Prin taxele şi contractele pe care au fost obligate să le încheie au cotizat direct şi au ţinut în spate primii doi actori. Şi au fost câmpul de bătălie pentru interesele tuturor. Raportările şi situaţiile cerute au fost, pentru ei, timp pierdut şi bătaie de cap. Banii veniţi din majorări de capital de la alţii decât majoritarii erau priviţi cu suspiciune şi uimire. Operaţiuni economice ca o banală răscumpărare de acţiuni la o societate nelichidă s-ar întinde teoretic pe 2 secole, iar o majorare de capital social la un banal Agromec cere un prospect aprobat de Autoritate. În majoritatea covârşitoare, piaţa este pentru ei ceva inutil când nu devine o frână în calea funcţionării normale.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Majoritarii</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Definiţi în sens larg ca cei care deţin în mod real societatea şi care au capacitatea de a numi Consiliul de Administraţie.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Câştigătorii întregului proces şi cei care au fost cei mai avantajaţi. În primă fază, neloviţi nici cu o floare de Organ, cu o legislaţie şi cu o justiţie mereu în favoarea lor au transpus elegantul absolutism de stat francez "Statul sunt eu", la situaţia dată "Compania sunt numai eu", majoritarul altoit cu manelisticul neaoş: "Şi fac ce vrea muşchii mei... de aia."</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Odată negociat pachetul de la stat sau din altă parte, care poate a cuprins şi parandărăturile aferente, după ce a promis marea tehnologiilor avansate cu sarea în bucate pentru angajaţi, ultima lor grijă erau acţionarii minoritari. Fiindcă el plătise: mult, puţin, dar plătise pentru pachetul majoritar, i-a considerat pe ceilalţi acţionari nişte mocangii care nu pot avea nici o pretenţie să-şi bage nasul în treburile societăţii. Variaţiuni pe aceeaşi temă dacă pachetul majoritar sau cel de control era la SIF-uri, era adunat, certificat cu certificat, sau era pândit PAS-ul la cotitura dizolvării. Odată ajuns majoritar, după el potopul de lucruri bune se abătea asupra societăţii şi mai ales asupra minoritarilor. Delistări la preţuri ridicole rezultate din evaluări mult prea penale, majorări de capital social cu active supraevaluate şi total inutile, societăţi căpuşă în aval şi amonte care să dreneze profiturile şi activele valoroase, contracte înrobitoare sau fuziuni la paritate cu societăţi de management şi know-how fondate de iluştri ghizi sau străluciţi bodyguarzi, divizări asimetrice publicate legal în ziare de mare circulaţie dintr-un târg din capătul opus al ţării, iar la locul de depunere a cererilor dacă reuşeai să treci cu trupele speciale de portar aflai că secretara era plecată în concediu şi nimeni nu primea cererea, vânzări de active la preţuri de inventar către terţi mai mult sau mai puţin apropiaţi, gajarea cu active la împrumuturile unor entităţi care erau în legătură cu majoritarul, OPP-uri niciodată efectuate până la falimentul firmei, contracte de consultanţă sau asistenţă juridică către firmele nevestei, amantei, nepoatei sau cam pe acolo, cumpărări de terenuri de mare valoare şi interes major care, culmea, erau ale majoritarului, cumpărări de pachete de acţiuni la firme care eludau orice sinergie faptică cu meandrele concrete ale societăţii, parcarea pachetelor de acţiuni de pe/pe persoană fizică care este, prime de asigurare plătite societăţilor astralo-carpatine la valori de ziceai că asigurau Titanicul, adunări generale la care acţionarii erau informaţi că nu se ţine azi, iar mâine era deja publicat în Monitorul Oficial, ameninţări că orice reclamaţie sau plângere se va trata ca un abuz de drept ori mai simplu, cu aruncarea de la etaj etc, etc, etc... faptele şi isprăvile lor ar fi subiect pentru lucrările de doctorat ale unor distinşi judecători sau dimpotrivă au fost absolut legale, că legea le-a permis şi s-au înscris în logica, comportamentul şi filozofia acelor ani.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Nu poţi să condamni nişte persoane că şi-au urmărit interesele, că au folosit legea în favoarea lor, că poate au forţat-o mai mult sau mai puţin, că au făcut urechea toacă la bla-bla-ul cu guvernanţa corportivă, că i-a durut fix în cursul acţiunilor de avertismentele şi sancţiunile CNVM, că nu s-au despletit la un dosar, două, sau mai multe penale până nu au hotărât instanţele cu totul altceva. La un popor care trăieşte sub semnul furtului ca stare de fapt, în care epopeea naţională povesteşte despre un take-over ostil a stake-ului de oi a baciului moldovean de către iniţiaţii vrâncean şi ungurean, o şmenuială a acţionarilor minoritari poate trece ca o faptă de vitejie şi chiar o răzbunare binemeritată în retrospectivă.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* ...nimic nu e...</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Construirea pieţei de capital pornind de la privatizarea în masă a fost o greşeală niciodată asumată, greu imputabilă cuiva, cât timp teoretic şi de principiu ansamblul părea fezabil. Privatizarea fusese o decizie politică, populistă deci cu o largă susţinere populară şi se voia o reparaţie pentru anii de comunism. Faptul că s-a folosit principiul egalităţii la fundaţia pieţei nu părea să deranjeze pe nimeni. În timp, lucrurile au evoluat spre catastrofal producând o alienare a rolului, rostului şi esenţei fiecărui participant la piaţă. Pe de o parte super reglementată de o Autoritate omnipotentă, neputincioasă în finanţarea firmelor private, neputând evita scandalurile care au zguduit-o tot timpul, cu actori incapabili să-şi asume rolurile ce le erau destinate, nesancţionând comportamentul venal al unor majoritari sau moguli eterni mai vechi sau mai noi din cauză de lacune legislative, indolenţă şi fuga de răspundere, cu o perpetuă bătaie de joc la adresa minoritarilor, din piaţa de capital a dispărut principalul ingredient: Încrederea. Şi unde Încredere nu e, nimic nu e.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Ce ar fi fost să fie... </b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Bursa trebuia să fie acel club select al societăţilor care se listau pentru că voiau bani de la investitori. Şi fiindcă le voiau banii, ca să-i obţină trebuiau să ofere posibilitatea investitorilor să câştige, transparenţa şi onestitatea fiind regulile jocului, conformarea voluntară la regulile pieţei - o caracteristică definitorie, defaulturile fiind accidente, iar faptele penale de neconceput, dar odată întâmplate, repede pedepsite şi recuperat prejudiciul.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> PPM-ul nu trebuia să aibă nimic în comun cu Bursa. Rasdaq-ul sau ce mai rămânea din privatizare trebuia să rămână o platformă pentru un număr de ani, pe urmă trebuia aleasă o soluţie de final, ura şi la gară. Make avea dreptate că libera tranzacţionare scotea acţiunile PPM din raza de acţiune a Bursei. Poate că numărul de scandaluri ar fi fost dublu. Poate triplu. Dar Bursa nu era afectată. Încrederea în Bursă ar fi rămas intactă. S-ar fi vândut acţiunile la colţ de stradă, prin pieţe, târguri şi oboare, ca ciorapii, prin licitaţie cu strigare continuă "trei cupoane - zece mii"; "2 cupoane de PETROM şi ţi-am dat sticla de rom"; "nu daţi banii pe prostii, luaţi COMPA la copii"; "nu daţi banii pe nimicuri, luaţi acţiuni la SIF-uri". </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Multe acţiuni s-ar fi vândut - unde în altă parte - prin ziarul Bursa (las' că ştim noi de ce i-a zis ziarului aşa!), Bărbosul devenea nabab, calendarul anual - realizare de referinţă în domeniu precum cel de la Pirelli şi sursă de inspiraţie pentru Victoria's Secrets - poate îi făcea Hugh Hefner o ofertă de preluare... sau invers??!!...</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Brokerii ar fi suferit în primă fază şi ar fi arătat ca o haită de tomberonezi ogărjiţi. În vremuri de restrişte, pe foamete mare şi fără alternative, haita s-ar fi cernut şi selecţia şi-ar fi spus cuvântul, rămâneau cei tari, cei care se adaptau şi erau chemaţi. Ar fi dispărut potăile care ulterior au pus botul la primul oscior mai cu carne ieşit în cale ori care au lins resturile din conturile clienţilor ca şi javrele care au furat hot-dogul cu acţiuni direct din Depozitar, când stăpânul era cu spatele. Ar fi fost ca o perioadă de opoziţie, se căleau caracterele şi ieşeau în faţă liderii adevăraţi, nu cei creaţi de televiziuni că faceau rating pe sticlă agitându-se artistic, pedalând la două laptopuri cu patru mâini. Pe care mulţi i-au urmat ca o turmă de oi până s-au dus în prăpastie singuri şi, acum, chibiţează de peste mări. Am fi avut în piaţă doar acei oameni pentru care "dictum meum pactum" e un fel de a fi, pentru care strângerea de mână are valoare de contract legalizat, cuvântul dat, pentru ei, e gajul suprem, "my word is my bond" era în ADN- ul lor.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Comunitatea ar fi fost o elită, glasul ei ar fi fost ascultat, cuvântul ei ar fi fost Adevărul pieţei.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Bursa ar fi adus iniţial cu Bator din Fefeleaga sau cu mârţoaga din grajdul Împăratului Verde (că cel Roşu ştim cu toţii n-are treabă cu Bursa) anterior prezentării tăvii de jăratec. Şi nu avea nevoie de jăratecul concentrat şi nociv al creşterilor rapide care să facă din ea o iapă nărăvaşă, capricioasă şi imprevizibilă căci nimic nu se face peste noapte. Ci de fânul curat şi sănătos al finanţării, de trifoiul cu patru foi al listării companiilor locale, de iarba verde şi fragedă a IMM-urilor. Fir cu fir, pas cu pas, pai cu pai, IPO cu IPO, client cu client, portofoliu cu portofoliu ar fi devenit în timp un cal de rasă grea. Acel cal solid, masiv, calm, bine înfipt pe picioare care să tragă căruţa economiei naţionale prin crizele ce aveau să vină. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">* Şi ce avem...</b><br />
<b><br style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;" /></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"> Din păcate, nu cal de rasă grea, nici iapă nărăvaşă, ce avem e un măgar aschilopat şi costeliv care rage la ore fixe că el devine hub regional, se pune cu picioarele de-a-ndărătelea şi nu-l mişti un pas când ai nevoie de finanţarea lui, ca să o zbughească la vale când se simte vreo adiere rece prin pieţe, îşi paşte inutilitatea prin ultimii scaieţi din odinioară falnica pădure PPM-istă, visând la caii verzi pe pereţii listărilor de stat şi la cum trece el peste cele opt bariere, mai ceva decât campionul mondial la cursa cu obstacole, lansează vânturi zgomotoase despre programe complexe şi de mare angajament, ţine coada pe sus şi moare de foame.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: Tahoma; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">Neofit - <a href="http://www.bursa.ro/bariera-principala-in-calea-ipo-urilor-private-neincrederea-247386&s=piata_de_capital&articol=247386.html" target="_blank">ziarul Bursa.</a></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja8Ak41hWidrawIaMdwO5NJut6N_lXDXMUIydM8-OBLpGUa1pfGNOSpxAgoEKwuhqkSdfphndDYaQ0zmkzuYgSaJH7ApQ9_xip1h9f9GNS07KsEEnYdDb-Wwu4PvPbh5-98gqF5l0IIFA/s1600/Thetriumphofdeath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja8Ak41hWidrawIaMdwO5NJut6N_lXDXMUIydM8-OBLpGUa1pfGNOSpxAgoEKwuhqkSdfphndDYaQ0zmkzuYgSaJH7ApQ9_xip1h9f9GNS07KsEEnYdDb-Wwu4PvPbh5-98gqF5l0IIFA/s1600/Thetriumphofdeath.jpg" height="520" width="780" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.15px;">Peter Bruegel cel Bătrân- "</span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.15px;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Triumful morţii”(1562). <a href="http://artcritic.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/doua-tablouri-infricosatoare-si-amuzante-de-p">http://artcritic.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/doua-tablouri-infricosatoare-si-amuzante-de-p</a></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.15px;"><a href="http://artcritic.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/doua-tablouri-infricosatoare-si-amuzante-de-peter-bruegel-cel-batrant/" target="_blank">eter-bruegel-cel-batrant/</a></span></span></td></tr>
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În perioadele 1992-1996 şi 2000-2004, cât PSD a fost la putere, s-au dat cele mai mari ţepe din istoria României. Au fost privatizate fraudulos aproximativ 6.000 de întreprinderi, evaluate la 700 miliarde de euro. Cele 6.000 de întreprinderi au fost vândute cu aproximativ 70 miliarde de euro (10% din valoarea de piaţă), iar de încasat, în mână cum s-ar zice, nu s-au încasat decât 7 miliarde de euro, adică 1% din valoarea de piață. Tragic este faptul că, prin privatizarea ilegală a acestor întreprinderi, s-au pierdut peste 6 milioane de locuri de muncă. Din 1990 încoace, există cel puțin 10 acțiuni de forță, toate marca FSN-FDSN-PDSR-PSD care au trimis România înapoi în istorie atât din punct de vedere politic, cât mai ales economic. Numai datorită politrucilor acestui partid emanat de la Ion Iliescu a văzut Occidentul fața hâdă a unei Românii ce trebuia să o apuce pe drumul Moskovei și nu pe cel al democrației – o Românie în care hoarde de mineri, transformaţi în forţe de ordine şi sprijiniţi de puterea politică, dădeau cu bâta și călcau în picioare oameni nevinovați pe stradă. via <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #3b5998; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.1666660308838px; line-height: 16.0999984741211px;"><b><u>Lungu Victor Eugen Mihai</u></b></span></span><br /><br /></span><br />
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Aşa cum vă promiteam săptămâna trecută, iată că vă punem la dispoziţie o listă completă a marilor intreprinderi româneşti, cu peste 1000 de angajaţi, care au fost distruse, falimentate, privatizate defectuos de către guvernele post-decembriste care s-au perindat la conducerea ţării în ultimii 25 de ani.</div>
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Lista cuprinde 1256 de intreprinderi care, fiecare dădea de lucru la cel puţin 1.000 de oameni, doar că în anumite cazuri, vorbim despre 10.000 de angajaţi/intreprindere.</div>
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Motivele care au stat la baza acestui linşaj economic la nivel de România sunt iresponsabilitatea politrucilor post-decembrişti, lipsa de dragoste de ţară, foamea şi lăcomia de bani, precum şi nenumăratele numiri politice în funcţii de conducere, numiri care continuă şi în zilele noastre.</div>
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Iată lista, citiţi-o, analizaţi-o şi băgaţi la cap.</div>
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1 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Curtea de Arges Arges<br />2 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Borzesti Bacau<br />3 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Oradea Bihor<br />4 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Braila Braila<br />5 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Cluj Cluj<br />6 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Constanta Constanta<br />7 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Craiova Dolj<br />8 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Galati Galati<br />9 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Rovinari Gorj<br />10 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Turceni Gorj<br />11 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Deva Hunedoara<br />12 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Portile de Fier Mehedinti<br />13 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Mures Mures<br />14 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Bistrita Neamt<br />15 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Ploiesti Prahova<br />16 Intreprinderea electrocentrale Ramnicu-Valcea Valcea<br />17 Intreprinderea electrocentrale M. Bucuresti M.Bucuresti<br />18 Intreprinderea energoreparatii M.Bucuresti<br />19 Centrala industriala de retele electrice Bucuresti M.Bucuresti<br />20 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Pitesti Arges<br />21 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Bacau Bacau<br />22 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Brasov Brasov<br />23 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Cluj Cluj<br />24 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Constanta Constanta<br />25 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Craiova Dolj<br />26 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Galati Galati<br />27 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Deva Hunedoara<br />28 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Iasi Iasi<br />29 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />30 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Baia Mare Maramures<br />31 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Targu-Mures Mures<br />32 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Ploiesti Prahova<br />33 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Sibiu Sibiu<br />34 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Suceava Suceava<br />35 Intreprinderea de retele electrice Timisoara Timis<br />36 Intreprinderea de distributie a energiei electrice Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />37 Intreprinderea de Constructii metalice si prefabricate M. Bucuresti<br />38 Dispecerul energetic national M. Bucuresti<br />39 Institutul de cercetari si modernizari energetice M. Bucuresti<br />40 Centrala miniera Valea Jiului- activitatea proprie a combinatului si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara bpersonalitate juridica Deva Hunedoara<br />41 Intreprinderea miniera Anina Caras-Severin<br />42 Intreprinderea miniera Lonea Hunedoara<br />43 Intreprinderea miniera Petrila Hunedoara<br />44 Intreprinderea miniera Aninoasa Hunedoara<br />45 Intreprinderea miniera Dalja Hunedoara<br />46 Intreprinderea miniera Vulcan Hunedoara<br />47 Intreprinderea miniera Livezeni Hunedoara<br />48 Intreprinderea miniera Paroseni Hunedoara<br />49 Intreprinderea miniera Lupeni Hunedoara<br />50 Intreprinderea miniera Uricani Hunedoara<br />51 Intreprinderea miniera Barbateni Hunedoara<br />52 Intreprinderea de preparare a carbunelui Valea Jiului Hunedoara<br />53 Intreprinderea de reparatii utilaj minier Petrosani Hunedoara<br />54 Intreprinderea miniera Anina Hunedoara<br />55 Combinatul minier Oltenia -Activitatea proprie a combinatului si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica Gorj<br />56 Intreprinderea miniera Rovinari Gorj<br />57 Intreprinderea miniera Motru Gorj<br />58 Intreprinderea miniera Jilt Gorj<br />59 Intreprinderea de utilaj minier Rogojelu Gorj<br />60 Combinatul minier Ploiesti -Activitatea proprie a combinatului si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica Prahova<br />61 Intreprinderea miniera Cimpulung Arges<br />62 Intreprinderea miniera Voivozi Bihor<br />63 Intreprinderea miniera Capeni Covasna<br />64 Intreprinderea miniera Salaj Salaj<br />65 Centrala minereurilor si metalurgiei neferoase- Baia Mare- activitatea proprie a combinatului si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara bpersonalitate juridica Maramures<br />66 Intreprinderea metalurgica de metale neferoase Zlatna Alba<br />67 Intreprinderea miniera Baia Borsa Maramures<br />68 Intreprinderea metalurgica de metale neferoase Baia Mare Maramures<br />69 Intreprinderea metalurgica de metale neferoase Copsa Mica Sibiu<br />70 Combinatul minier Suceava Suceava<br />71 Centrala minereurilor Deva-activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Hunedoara<br />72 Intreprinderea miniera Baia de Aries Alba<br />73 Intreprinderea miniera Dobresti Bihor<br />74 Intreprinderea miniera Bocsa Caras-Severin<br />75 Intreprinderea miniera Moldova Noua Caras-Severin<br />76 Intreprinderea miniera Balan Harghita<br />77 Intreprinderea miniera Barza Hunedoara<br />78 Intreprinderea miniera Hunedoara Hunedoara<br />79 Centrala sarii si nemetaliferelor Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />80 Intreprinderea salina Ocna Mures Alba<br />81 Intreprinderea salina Targu-Ocna Bacau<br />82 Combinatul minier Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />83 Intreprinderea salina Ocna Dej Cluj<br />84 Intreprinderea miniera Dobrogea-Constanta Constanta<br />85 Intreprinderea miniera Harghita-Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />86 Intreprinderea salina Praid Harghita<br />87 Intreprinderea miniera Orsova Mehedinti<br />88 Intreprinderea miniera Slanic Prahova<br />89 Intreprinderea miniera Cacica Suceava<br />90 Intreprinderea miniera Ramnicu Valcea Valcea<br />91 Centrala gazului metan- Medias- Activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Sibiu<br />92 Intreprinderea de extractie gaz metan Medias Sibiu<br />93 Intreprinderea de exploatare conducte magistrale gaz metan Medias Sibiu<br />94 Trustul petrolului Pitesti Arges<br />95 Trustul petrolului Moinesti Bacau<br />96 Trustul petrolului Targu-Jiu Gorj<br />97 Trustul petrolului Bolintin Ilfov<br />98 Trustul petrolului Ploiesti Prahova<br />99 Intreprinderea de utilaj petrolier si reparatii Teleajen Prahova<br />100 Intreprinderea de reparat tractoare si motoare grele Poiana Campina Prahova<br />101 Intreprinderea de reparatii utilaje electrice Campina Prahova<br />102 Combinatul de oteluri speciale Targoviste Dambovita<br />103 Centrala industriala siderurgica- Hunedoara- activitatea proprie a centraleiinclusiv combinatul siderurgic Hunedoara Hunedoara<br />104 Intreprinderea Victoria – Calan Hunedoara<br />105 Intreprinderea de fier Vlahita Harghita<br />106 Centrala industriala siderurgica Resita- activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Combinatul siderurgic Resita Caras-Severin<br />107 Intreprinderea “Otelul Rosu” -Otelul Rosu Caras-Severin<br />108 Intreprinderea “Ciocanul” Nadrag Timis<br />109 Centrala industriala siderurgica Galati- Activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Galati<br />110 Intreprinderea Laminorul de tabla- Galati Galati<br />111 Intreprinderea de constructii metalice Tecuci Galati<br />112 Centrala industriala de prelucrari * Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />113 Intreprinderea metalurgica Aiud Alba<br />114 Intreprinderea metalurgica Beclean Bistrita Nasaud<br />115 Intreprinderea Laminorul Braila Braila<br />116 Intreprinderea de sarma si produse din sarma Buzau Buzau<br />117 Combinatul metalurgic Campia Turzii Cluj<br />118 Intreprinderea de sarma, cuie si lanturi Galati Galati<br />119 Intreprinderea metalurgica Iasi Iasi<br />120 Intreprinderea de tevi Roman Neamt 121 Centrala industriala pentru produse refractare Brasov- Activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Brasov<br />122 Intreprinderea de produse refractare “Refractar” Alesd Alba<br />123 Intreprinderea de produse refractare Alba Iulia Bihor<br />124 Intreprinderea de produse refractare “9 Mai” Turda Cluj<br />125 Intreprinderea “Carbochim” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />126 Intreprinderea de produse refractare Pleasa Prahova<br />127 Centrala industriala pentru materiale neferoase si rare Slatina- activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea de Aluminiu Slatina Olt<br />128 Intreprinderea de alumina Oradea Bihor<br />129 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a aluminiului Slatina Olt<br />130 Intreprinderea de produse carbunoase Slatina Olt<br />131 Combinatul metalurgic Tulcea Tulcea<br />132 Intreprinderea metalurgica “Neferal” – Branesti M. Bucuresti<br />133 Intreprinderea metalurgica “Laromet” – Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />134 Intreprinderea Sinterom- Cluj Napoca Cluj<br />135 Intreprinderea de supape bolturi – Topoloveni Arges<br />136 Intreprinderea de piese si armaturi din aluminiu si pistoane auto -Slatina Olt<br />137 Centrala industrila de autovehicule pentru transport – Brasov- Activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Brasov<br />138 Intreprinderea de masini agregate si subansamble auto “Sf. Gheorghe” Covasna<br />139 Intreprinderea de radiatoare si cabluriBrasov Brasov<br />140 Intreprinderea mecanica de piase de schimb Oradea Bihor<br />141 Intreprinderea de pise auto Iasi Iasi<br />142 Intreprinderea metalurgica “Republica” Reghin Mures<br />143 Intreprinderea de piese auto Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />144 Intreprinderea mecanica Marsa Sibiu<br />145 Intreprinderea de piese auto Sibiu Sibiu<br />146 Intreprinderea “Automecanica” Medias Sibiu<br />147 Intreprinderea “Autobuzul ” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />148 Intreprinderea “Automecanica” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />149 Centrala industriala de autovehicule- colibasi- Pitesti- activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea de Autoturisme Colibasi- Pitesti Arges<br />150 Intreprinderea mecanica Campulung- Muscel Arges<br />151 Intreprinderea de accesoriipentru mijloace de transport – Oradea Bihor<br />152 Intreprinderea de subansamble si dispozitive verificatoare auto – Costesti Arges<br />153 Centrala industriala de tractoare si masini agricole Brasov- activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea “Tractorul” brasov Brasov<br />154 Intreprinderea mecanica Oradea Bihor<br />155 Intreprinderea mecanica Toplet Caras-Severin<br />156 Intreprinderea Tehnofrig Cluj<br />157 Intreprinderea de Armaturi industriale -Oradea Bihor<br />158 Intreprinderea de otel Strehaia Mehedinti<br />159 Intreprinderea de utilaj alimentar Slatina Olt<br />160 Intreprinderea mecanica Codlea Brasov<br />161 Intreprinderea mecanica Brasov Brasov<br />162 Intreprinderea mecanica Oradea Bihor<br />163 Intreprinderea de garnituride frana si etansare Ramnicu-Sarat Buzau<br />164 Intreprinderea mecanica de utilaje Medgidia Constanta<br />165 Intreprinderea de tractoare si masini agricole “7 Noiembrie ” Craiova Dolj<br />166 Intreprinderea mecanica Bailesti Dolj<br />167 Intreprinderea mecanica pentru echipamente hidraulice Galati Galati<br />168 Intreprinderea de tractoare Miercurea-Ciuc Harghita<br />169 Intreprinderea mecanica”Ceahlaul” Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />170 Intreprinderea mecanica fina Sinaia Prahova<br />171 Intreprinderea “Tehnometal” – Timisoara Timis<br />172 Intreprinderea de masini agricole “Semanatoarea” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />173 Centrala industriala de utilaj tehnologic, chimic si rafinarii- Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centraleiinclusivintreprinderea de utilaj chimic “Grivita Rosie” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />174 Intreprinderea metalurgica Bacau Bacau<br />175 Intreprinderea de utilaj tehnologic Buzau Buzau<br />176 Intreprinderea “Armatura” Cluj-napoca Cluj<br />177 Intreprinderea mecanicade utilaj tehnologic Moreni Dambovita<br />178 Intreprinderea de armaturi industriale din fonta si otel Zalau Salaj<br />179 Intreprinderea de constructii de masini si utilaj greu _Giurgiu Giurgiu<br />180 Intreprinderea de utilaj chimic Ploiesti Prahova<br />181 Intreprinderea de utilaj chimic si forja Ramnicu-Valcea Valcea<br />182 Intreprinderea mecanica de utilaj chimic- Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />183 Intreprinderea de pompe Aversa Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />184 Intreprinderea de Ventilatoare- Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />185 Centrala industriala de utilaj petrolier si minier -Ploiesti – activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea “1 Mai ” Ploiesti<br />186 Intreprinderea de utilaj petrolier Targoviste Dambovita<br />187 Intreprinderea Mecanica Targoviste Dambovita<br />188 Intreprinderea de utilaj minier Petrosani Hunedoara<br />189 Intreprinderea mecanica de masini si utilaj minier Baia Mare Maramures<br />190 Intreprinderea “Unio” Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />191 Intreprinderea mecanica Campina Prahova<br />192 Intreprinderea”Neptun” Campina Prahova<br />193 Intreprinderea de piese turnate Campina Prahova<br />194 Intreprinderea de utilaj minier Filipestii de Padure Prahova<br />195 Intreprinderea de Ventilatoare si instalatii de ventilatie Vaslui Vaslui<br />196 Centrala industriala de utilaj energetic metalurgic si masini de ridicat- Bucuresti activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea de Masini Grele Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />197 Intreprinderea mecanica dr. Petru Groza Bihor<br />198 Intreprinderea de utilaj de ridicat Lugoj Timis<br />199 Combinatul industrial pentru constructii de masini Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />200 Intreprinderea de constructii de masini Resita Caras-Severin<br />201 Intreprinderea de constructii de masini Caransebes Caras-Severin<br />202 Intreprinderea de constructii metalice Bocsa Caras-Severin<br />203 Intreprinderea mecanica Toplet Caras-Severin<br />204 Intreprinderea de accesorii Valiug- Resita Caras-Severin<br />205 Intreprinderea de cazane mici si arzatoare Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />206 Intreprinderea “Tehnofrig” -Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />207 Intreprinderea de utilaj alimentar Slatina Olt<br />208 Intreprinderea “Independenta” -Sibiu Sibiu<br />209 Intreprinderea mecanica Timisoara Timis<br />210 Intreprinderea “Vulcan” -Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />211 Intreprinderea “Metalica” -Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />212 Centrala industriala de utilaj tehnologic si material rulant – Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea 23 August M. Bucuresti<br />213 Intreprinderea de vagoane Arad Arad<br />214 Intreprinderea “Hidromecanica” Brasov Brasov<br />215 Intreprinderea de utilaj greu “Progresul” Braila Braila<br />216 Intreprinderea mecanica “Nicolina” Iasi Iasi<br />217 Combinatul de utilaj greu Iasi Iasi<br />218 Intreprinderea de vagoane Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />219 Intreprinderea mecanica Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />220 Intreprinderea de vagoane Caracal Olt<br />221 Intreprinderea de osii si boghiuri Bals Olt<br />222 Intreprinderea “Steaua Rosie” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />223 Intreprinderea “Timpuri Noi” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />224 Centrala industriala de rulmenti si organe de asamblare – activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea “Rulmentul” Brasov- Brasov Brasov<br />225 Intreprinderea de rulmenti Barlad Vaslui<br />226 Intreprinderea de rulmenti Alexandria Teleorman<br />227 Intreprinderea de rulmenti Ploiesti Prahova<br />228 Intreprinderea de suruburi Bacau Bacau<br />229 Intreprinderea de suruburi Botosani Botosani<br />230 Intreprinderea de suruburi Brasov Brasov<br />231 Intreprinderea de suruburi Targu-Secuiesc Covasna<br />232 Intreprinderea de suruburi Sighetul-Marmatiei Maramures<br />233 Intreprinderea de suruburi Medias Sibiu<br />234 Centrala industriala navala Galati- activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Santierul Naval Galati Galati<br />235 Santierul Naval Braila Braila<br />236 Santierul Naval Constanta Constanta<br />237 Intreprinderea de constructii de nave si piese turnate Oltenita Giurgiu<br />238 Santierul naval Giurgiu Giurgiu<br />239 Santierul Naval Drobeta-Turnu Severin Mehedinti<br />240 Intreprinderea Mecanica Navala Constanta Constanta<br />241 Intreprinderea Mecanica Navala Galati Galati<br />242 Santierul Naval Tulcea Tulcea<br />243 Intreprinderea Navala de elice, piese turnate din metale neferoase, piese turnate si forjate din otel Galati Galati<br />244 Centrala Industriala de Masini-Unelte, Mecanica-Fina si Scule- Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />245 Intreprinderea de accesorii pentru masini unelte Blaj Alba<br />246 Intreprinderea de strunguri Arad Arad<br />247 Intreprinderea de masini unelte Bacau Bacau<br />248 Intreprinderea Infratirea Oradea Bihor<br />249 Intreprinderea de scule Rasnov Brasov<br />250 Intreprinderea de unelte si scule Brasov Brasov<br />251 Intreprinderea de utilaj greu Craiova Dolj<br />252 Intreprinderea de strunguri Targoviste Dambovita<br />253 Intreprinderea mecanica Gheorghieni harghita<br />254 Intreprinderea de masini agregate si masini unelte Iasi Iasi<br />255 Intreprinderea mecanica Roman Neamt<br />256 Intreprinderea Turnatoria de piese din fonta pentru masini-unelte Ramnicul Sarat Buzau<br />257 Intreprinderea de masini unelte pentru presare si forjare Targu Jiu Gorj<br />258 Intreprinderea de masini unelte, accesorii si scule Baia -Mare Maramures<br />259 Intreprinderea mecanica Sibiu Sibiu<br />260 Intreprinderea Balanta Sibiu Sibiu<br />261 Intreprinderea mecanica Suceava Suceava<br />262 Intreprinderea de dispozitive, stante, matrite si scule aschietoare Focsani Vrancea<br />263 Intreprinderea de aparate si utilaje pentru cercetari Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />264 Intreprinderea Steaua Rosie Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />265 Centrala industriala de motoare si materiale electrotehnice – Bucuresti – activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea de cabluri si materiale electrooizolante Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />266 Intreprinderea de motoare electrice Pitesti Arges<br />267 Intreprinderea “Electroprecizia” Sacele Brasov<br />268 Intreprinderea de aparataj electric auto si motoare electrice Sf. Gheorghe Covasna<br />269 Intreprinderea de frigidere Gaiesti Dambovita<br />270 Intreprinderea “Electromures” Timisoara Timis<br />271 Intreprinderea de fabricare si montaj ascensoare Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />272 Intreprinderea “Acumulatorul” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />273 Intreprinderea de Masini Electrice Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />274 Intreprinderea de cabluri si materiale electroizolante Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />275 Centrala industriala de electronica si tehnica de calcul -activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea de calculatoare electronice Bucuresti- Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />276 Intreprinderea de produse electronice si electrotehnice “Electroarges” – Curtea de Arges Arges<br />277 Intreprinderea “Romlux” Targoviste Dambovita<br />278 Intreprinderea “Steaua Electrica” Fieni Dambovita<br />279 Intreprinderea Tehnoton Iasi Iasi<br />280 Intreprinderea de ferite Urziceni Ilfov<br />281 Intreprinderea “Electronica” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />282 Intreprinderea de piese radio si semiconductori Baneasa M. Bucuresti<br />283 Intreprinderea de aparate electronice de masura si industriale Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />284 Intreprinderea de cinescoape Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />285 Intreprinderea pentru intretinerea si repararea utilajelor de calcul si de electronica profesionala Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />286 Intreprinderea “Conect” bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />287 Intreprinderea de echipamente periferice Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />288 Intreprinderea de relee medias Sibiu<br />289 Centrala industriala de echipamente telecomunicatii si automatizari – activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea ” Automatica” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />290 Intreprinderea de aparataj electronic de joasa tensiune ” Electrocontact” Botosani Botosani<br />291 Intreprinderea de contactoare Buzau Buzau<br />292 Intreprinderea de organe de asamblare pentru industria electrotehnica Ramnicu Sarat Buzau<br />293 Intreprinderea de izolatorielectrici de joasa tensiune Tg. Secuiesc Covasna<br />294 Intreprinderea “Sinterom” Cluj – Napoca Cluj<br />295 Intreprinderea de panouri si tablouri electrice Alexandria Teleorman<br />296 Intreprinderea de aparataj electric de instalatii – titu Dambovita<br />297 Intreprinderea de elemente pneumatice si aparate de masura Barlad Vaslui<br />298 Intreprinderea de aparate electrice de masurat Timisoara Timis<br />299 Intreprinderea de elemente de automatizari Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />300 Intreprinderea “Electroaparataj” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />301 Intreprinderea “Electromagnetica” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />302 Intreprinderea “Electrotehnica ” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />303 Centrala industriala de masini si utilaje pentru industria usoara – activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate – Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />304 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese de schimb Botosani Botosani<br />305 Intreprinderea “Metalul Rosu” Cluj- Napoca Cluj<br />306 Intreprinderea “Unirea” Cluj – Napoca Cluj<br />307 Intreprinderea “Electrometal” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />308 Intreprinderea “Nicovala” Sighisoara Mures<br />309 Intreprinderea “Metalotehnica” Tg. Mures Mures<br />310 Intreprinderea de masini textile “IMATEX” Tg. Mures Mures<br />311 Intreprinderea de utilaje pentru industria usoara “Izlaz” Alexandria Teleorman<br />312 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese de schimb “9 Mai” Lugoj Timis<br />313 Intreprinderea de accesorii metalice pentru industria textila “AMIT” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />314 Intreprinderea “Precizia” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />315 Intrreprinderea de semiconductori Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />316 Intreprinderea Mecanica Bailesti Dolj<br />317 Intreprinderea Ceahlaul Tg. Neamt Neamt<br />318 Intreprinderea mecanica utilaje agricole Medgidia Constanta<br />319 Centrala industriala de rafinarii si petrochimie – activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Combinatul Petrochimic Brazi Prahova<br />320 Combinatul petrochimic Pitesti Arges<br />321 Combinatul Petrochimic Borzesti Bacau<br />322 Intreprinderea Rafinaria Darmanesti Bacau<br />323 Intreprinderea Rafinaria Crisana Bihor<br />324 Intreprinderea Rafinaria Brasov Brasov<br />325 Combinatul petrochimic Midia- Navodari Constanta<br />326 Combinatul petrochimic Teleajen Prahova<br />327 Intreprinderea Rafinaria Ploiesti Prahova<br />328 Intreprinderea Rafinaria “Vega” Ploiesti Prahova<br />329 Intreprinderea Rafinaria Campina Prahova<br />330 Intreprinderea chimica “Carbosin” Copsa Mica Sibiu<br />331 Combinatul petrochimic “Solventul” Timisoara Timis<br />332 Centrala industriala de ingrasaminte chimice Craiova- activitatea proprie a centralei, inclusiv Combinatul Chimic Craiova Dolj<br />333 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Arad Arad<br />334 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Baca Bacau<br />335 Combinatul chimic Fagaras Brasov<br />336 Combinatul chimic Victoria Brasov<br />337 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Navodari Constanta<br />338 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Slobozia Ialomita<br />339 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Tirgu- Mures Mures<br />340 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />341 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Valea Calugareasca Prahova<br />342 Combinatul de ingrasaminte chimice Turnu Magurele Teleorman<br />343 Centrala industriala de medicamente, cosmetice, coloranti si lacuri – activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica, direct subordonate- Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />344 Intreprinderea chimica “Sinteza” Oradea Bihor<br />345 Intreprinderea de coloranti “Colorom” Codlea Brasov<br />346 Intreprinderea de produse cosmetice “Nivea” Brasov Brasov<br />347 Intreprinderea de medicamente “Terapia” Cluj- Napoca Cluj<br />348 Intreprinderea chimica Craiova Dolj<br />349 Intreprinderea de antibiotice Iasi Iasi<br />350 Intreprinderea de detergenti “Dero” Ploiesti Prahova<br />351 Intreprinderea “Progresul” Ploiesti Prahova<br />352 Intreprinderea de lacuri si vopsele “Azur” Timisoara Timis<br />353 Intreprinderea chimica Marasesti Vrancea<br />354 Intreprinderea de lacuri si vopsele “Policolor” M.Bucuresti<br />355 Intreprinderea de medicamente si coloranti “Sintofarm” M.Bucuresti<br />356 Intreprinderea de medicamente “Biofarm” M.Bucuresti<br />357 Intreprinderea de produse cosmetice “Nmiraj” M.Bucuresti<br />358 Intreprinderea de sapun “Stela” M.Bucuresti<br />359 Intreprinderea chimica “Victoria” M.Bucuresti<br />360 Centrala industriala de fire si fibre sintetice – activitatea proprie a centralei, inclusiv Combinatul de fibre sintetice Savinesti Neamt<br />361 Combinatul de fibre artificiale “Vascoza” Lupeni Hunedoara<br />362 Combinatul de fibre sintetice Iasi Iasi<br />363 Intreprinderea de fibre artificiale “Viscofil” M. Bucuresti<br />364 Centrala industriala de produse anorganice -activitatea proprie a centralei, inclusiv combinatul chimic Ramnicul- Valcea Valcea<br />365 Combinatul de produse sodice Ocna Mures Alba<br />366 Intreprinderea chimica Turda Cluj<br />367 Combinatul chimic Tarnaveni Mures<br />368 Combinatul de produse sodice Govora Valcea<br />369 Centrala industriala de prelucrare cauciuc si mase plastice- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Popesti Leordeni M. Bucuresti<br />370 Combinatul de articole tehnice din cauciuc Pitesti Arges<br />371 Intreprinderea de articole tehnice din cauciuc Brasov Brasov<br />372 Intreprinderea de prelucrare mase plastice Buzau Buzau<br />373 Intreprinderea “Napochim” Cluj- Napoca Cluj<br />374 Intreprinderea “Energia” -Constanta Constanta<br />375 Intreprinderea de articole tehnice din cauciuc si cauciuc regenerat Targu Jiu Gorj<br />376 Intreprinderea chimica Orastie Hunedoara<br />377 Intreprinderea de prelucrare mase plastice iasi Iasi<br />378 Intreprinderea “Prodcomplex” Targu Mures Mures<br />379 Intreprinderea de anvelope”Victoria” Floresti Prahova<br />380 Intreprinderea de prelucrare mase plastice Dragasani Valcea<br />381 Intreprinderea de prelucrare mase plastice Focsani Vrancea<br />382 Intreprinderea de prelucrare mase plastice Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />383 Combinatul de articole din cauciuc Jilava M. Bucuresti<br />384 Centrala de utilaje si piese de schimb pentru industria chimica – Bucuresti activitatea proprie a centralei si a unuitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />385 Intreprinderea de utilaj chimic Borzesti Bacau<br />386 Intreprinderea de utilaj chimic Fagaras Brasov<br />387 Intreprinderea de utilaj chimic Gaesti Dambovita<br />388 Intreprinderea de matrite si piese din fonta Odorheiul Secuiesc Harghita<br />389 Intreprinderea de utilaje si prelucrari cauciuc Baicoi Prahova<br />390 Intreprinderea de piese schimb si utilaje pentru industria chimica Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />391 Intreprinderea de aparate de masura si control Otopeni M.Bucuresti<br />392 Institutul central de cercetari chimice Bucuresti M.Bucuresti<br />393 Intreprinderea chimica Rasnov Brasov<br />394 Intreprinderea chimica Dudesti M. Bucuresti<br />395 Centrala de prelucrare a lemnului Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />396 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Blaj Alba<br />397 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Sebes Alba<br />398 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Cimpeni Alba<br />399 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Arad Arad<br />400 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Pitesti Arges<br />401 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Bacau Bacau<br />402 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Comanesti Bacau<br />403 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Oradea Bihor<br />404 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />405 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Botosani Botosani<br />406 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Brasov Brasov<br />407 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Braila Braila<br />408 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Caransebes Caras-Severin<br />409 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Gherla Cluj<br />410 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Cluj – Napoca Cluj<br />411 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Dej Cluj<br />412 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Constanta Constanta<br />413 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Sfantu Gheorghe Covasna<br />414 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Pucioasa Dambovita<br />415 Intreprinderea “Metal- lemn” Craiova Dolj<br />416 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Galati Galati<br />417 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Targu-Jiu Gorj<br />418 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Gheorghieni Harghita<br />419 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />420 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Deva Hunedoara<br />421 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Sighetu Marmatiei Maramures<br />422 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Iasi Iasi<br />423 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />424 Intreprinderea ILEFOR Targu Mures Mures<br />425 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Reghin Mures<br />426 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Targu Mures Mures<br />427 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />428 Intreprinderea de mobila tapisata si produse de tapiserie “Relaxa Mizil” Prahova<br />429 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Ploiesti Prahova<br />430 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />431 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Zalau Salaj<br />432 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Sibiu Sibiu<br />433 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Suceava Suceava<br />434 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Radauti Suceava<br />435 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Timisoara Timis<br />436 Intreprinderea de prelucrare a lemnului Vaslui Vaslui<br />437 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Ramnicu-Valcea Valcea<br />438 Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Focsani Vrancea<br />439 Intreprinderea “Arta Mobilei” M. Bucuresti<br />440 Intreprinderea “Produse lemn mobila” M. Bucuresti<br />441 Intreprinderea de casete de radio si televizoare M. Bucuresti<br />442 Centrala de exploatare a lemnului Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei inclusiv Intreprinderea forestiera de exploatare si transport Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />443 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Sebes Alba<br />444 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Arad Arad<br />445 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Pitesti Arges<br />446 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Bacau Bacau<br />447 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Oradea Bihor<br />448 Intreprinderea de impletituri Oradea Bihor<br />449 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />450 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Brasov Brasov<br />451 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Nehoiu Buzau<br />452 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Caransebes Caras-Severin<br />453 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />454 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Constanta Constanta<br />455 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Targu Secuiesc Covasna<br />456 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Targu Jiu Gorj<br />457 Combinatul de exploatare si prelucrare a lemnului Toplita Harghita<br />458 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />459 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Deva Hunedoara<br />460 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Iasi Iasi<br />461 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Baia Mare Maramures<br />462 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Orsova Mehedinti<br />463 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Reghin Mures<br />464 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />465 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Ploisti Prahova<br />466 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />467 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Sibiu Sibiu<br />468 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Suceava Suceava<br />469 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Timisoara Timis<br />470 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Ramnicu Valcea Valcea<br />471 Intreprinderea de exploatare forestiera si transport Focsani Vrancea<br />472 Centrala industriala de celuloza si hartie Braila- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridicadirect subordonate Braila<br />473 Intreprinderea de celuloza si hartie “Letea” Bacau Bacau<br />474 Intreprinderea de hartie Petresti Alba<br />475 Intreprinderea de hartie “Bistrita” Prundul Bargaului Bistrita-Nasaud<br />476 Intreprinderea de celuloza si hartie Zarnesti Brasov<br />477 Intreprinderea de hartie cretata si carton ondulat Ghimbav Brasov<br />478 Intreprinderea de celuloza si hartie Dej Cluj<br />479 Intreprinderea de cartoane si confectii “Mucart” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />480 Intreprinderea de celuloza si hartie Palas-Constanta Constanta<br />481 Intreprinderea de celuloza si hartie Calarasi Ialomita<br />482 Intreprinderea de celuloza si hartie Drobeta-Turnu Severin Mehedinti<br />483 Intreprinderea de celuloza si hartie “Reconstructia” Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />484 Intreprinderea de hartie si cartoane “Comuna din Paris” Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />485 Intreprinderea de hartie Busteni Prahova<br />486 Intreprinderea de cartoane si confectii “Prahova” Scaieni Prahova<br />487 Combinatul de celuloza si hartie Suceava Suceava<br />488 Centrala cimentului – Bucuresti activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />489 Combinatul pentru lianti Campulung Arges<br />490 Combinatul pentru lianti si azbociment Alesd Bihor<br />491 Combinatul pentru lianti Hoghiz Brasov<br />492 Combinatul pentru lianti Brasov Brasov<br />493 Combinatul pentru lianti si materiale refractare Turda Cluj<br />494 Combinatul pentru lianti si azbociment Medgidia Constanta<br />495 Combinatul pentru lianti si azbociment Fieni Dambovita<br />496 Combinatul pentru lianti si azbociment Targu Jiu Gorj<br />497 Intreprinderea pentru lianti Deva Hunedoara<br />498 Combinatul pentru lianti si azbociment Bicaz Neamt<br />499 Centrala materialelor de constructii Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />500 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Oradea Bihor<br />501 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Brasov Brasov<br />502 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Buzau Buzau<br />503 Intreprinderea de produse din ceramica fina pentru constructii Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />504 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Turda Cluj<br />505 Intreprinderea de prefabricate din beton si materiale de constructii Constanta Constanta<br />506 Intreprinderea de prefabricate din beton celular autoclavizat Constanta Constanta<br />507 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Doicesti Dambovita<br />508 Intreprinderea de prefabricate din beton Craiova Dolj<br />509 Intreprinderea de prefabricate din beton Galati Galati<br />510 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Deva Hunedoara<br />511 Intreprinderea pentru extragerea, prelucrarea si montarea marmurei si a pietrei de constructii Simeria Hunedoara<br />512 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Calarasi Ialomita<br />513 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Iasi Iasi<br />514 Intreprinderea de produse ceramice Sighisoara Mures<br />515 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Roman Neamt<br />516 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii “1 Mai” Bucov Prahova<br />517 Intreprinderea de materiale izolatoare”Matizol” Berceni Prahova<br />518 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />519 Intreprinderea de produse ceramice Zalau Salaj<br />520 Intreprinderea de produse ceramice “Record” Sibiu Sibiu<br />521 Intreprinderea de prefabricate din beton Timisoara Timis<br />522 Intreprinderea de produse ceramice Jimbolia Timis<br />523 Intreprinderea de produse ceramice Lugoj Timis<br />524 Intreprinderea “EXTRACERAM” Timisoara Timis<br />525 Intreprinderea de materiale izolatoare Vaslui Vaslui<br />526 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii Odobesti Vrancea<br />527 Intreprinderea de materiale de constructii “Cesarom” M. Bucuresti<br />528 Intreprinderea de materiale izolatoare Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />529 Intreprinderea pentru extragerea, prelucrarea si montarea marmurei si a pietrei de constructii “7 Noiembrie” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />530 Intreprindere de constructii prefabricate, agregate si betoane “Granitul” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />531 Centrala pentru utilaje si piese de schimb Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />532 Intreprinderea de utilaje Alba Iulia Alba<br />533 Intreprinderea de articole metalice pentru mobila si binale Arad Arad<br />534 Intreprinderea de suruburi “Anghel Saligni” Cernavoda Constanta<br />535 Intreprinderea de tamplarie metalica si produse pentru constructii din materiale plastice Buzau Buzau<br />536 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese schimb Filiasi Dolj<br />537 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese schimb Gheorghieni Harghita<br />538 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese schimb si reparatii Iasi Iasi<br />539 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese schimb Reghin Mures<br />540 Intreprinderea de produse tehnico-sanitare “Feroemail” Prahova<br />541 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese schimb Sibiu Sibiu<br />542 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese schimb Suceava Suceava<br />543 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese schimb Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />544 Centrala de exploatare industriala a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Targoviste -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Dambovita<br />545 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Alba Iulia Alba<br />546 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Ghioroc Arad<br />547 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Brasov Brasov<br />548 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Turda Cluj<br />549 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Roman Neamt<br />550 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Slatina Olt<br />551 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Odoreu Satu Mare<br />552 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Tulcea Tulcea<br />553 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Dragasani Valcea<br />554 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Doaga Vrancea<br />555 Intreprinderea de exploatare a agregatelor minerale pentru constructii Bragadiru M. Bucuresti<br />556 Centrala de mecanizare pentru constructii industriale Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />557 Intreprinderea de reparatii Braila Braila<br />558 Intreprinderea de reparatii Ploiesti Prahova<br />559 Intreprinderea de aparataje si accesorii Alexandria Teleorman<br />560 Intrerprinderea “6 Martie” Timisoara Timis<br />561 Intreprinderea de constructii metalice si aparataje M. Bucuresti<br />562 Intreprinderea de constructii metalice si prefabricate Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />563 Centrala mecanica de material rulant – Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />564 Intreprinderea mecanica de material rulant Brasov Brasov<br />565 Intreprinderea mecanica de material rulant “16 Februarie” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />566 Intreprinderea mecanica de material rulant Craiova Dolj<br />567 Intreprinderea mecanica de material rulant Simeria Hunedoara<br />568 Intreprinderea mecanica de material rulant Pascani Iasi Iasi<br />569 Intreprinderea mecanica de material rulant Rosiorii de Vede Teleorman<br />570 Centrala industriala de reparatii auto- Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />571 Intreprinderea de reparatii auto Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />572 Intreprinderea de reparatii auto Craiova Dolj<br />573 Intreprinderea de reparatii auto Tecuci Galati<br />574 Intreprinderea mecanica de reparatii auto si utilaje pentru transporturi Baia Mare Maramures<br />575 Intreprinderea de reparatii auto Targu Mures Mures<br />576 Intreprinderea de reparatii auto Campina Prahova<br />577 Intreprinderea de reparatii auto Suceava Suceava<br />578 Intreprinderea de reparatii auto Timisoara Timis<br />579 Intreprinderea de prefabricate din beton Aiud Alba<br />580 Intreprinderea de poduri metalice si prefabricate din beton Pitesti Arges<br />581 Intreprinderea de cariere si balastiere Brasov Brasov<br />582 Intreprinderea de aparate de cale Buzau Buzau<br />583 Intreprinderea de productie industriala pentru constructii cai ferate Harghita Harghita<br />584 Intreprinderea de productie industriala pentru constructii cai ferate Deva Hunedoara<br />585 Intreprinderea de poduri din beton Giurgiu Giurgiu<br />586 Intreprinderea de productie industriala pentru constructii cai ferate Baia Sprie Maramures<br />587 Intreprinderea de productie industriala pentru constructii cai ferate Otopeni M. Bucuresti<br />588 Intreprinderea de productie industriala pentru constructii cai ferate Bucuresti- Chitila M. Bucuresti<br />589 Santierul Naval Orsova Mehedinti<br />590 Intreprinderea de constructii si reparatii echipament de telecomunicatii M. Bucuresti<br />591 Centrala industriei bumbacului- Bucuresti-activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />592 Intreprinderea textila “UTA” Arad Arad<br />593 Intreprinderea “Textila Pitesti” Arges<br />594 Intreprinderea textila “crisana” Oradea Bihor<br />595 Intreprinderea “Textila Nasaud” Bistrita-Nasaud<br />596 Intreprinderea textila “Moldova” Botosani Botosani<br />597 Intreprinderea “Tesatoria Codlea” Brasov<br />598 Intreprinderea “Textila” Buzau Buzau<br />599 Intreprinderea “Textila Bucegi” Pucioasa Dambovita<br />600 Intreprinderea textila “Oltul” Sf. Gheorghe Covasna<br />601 Intreprinderea “Textila” Calafat Dolj<br />602 Intreprinderea “Textila Galati” Galati<br />603 Intreprinderea de ata si filatura”Odorhei” Harghita<br />604 Intreprinderea “Filatura de bumbac Slobozia” Ialomita<br />605 Intreprinderea “Tesatura Iasi” Iasi<br />606 Intreprinderea “Textila Dunareana” Giurgiu Giurgiu<br />607 Intreprinderea “Filatura de bumbac Oltenita” Giurgiu<br />608 Intreprinderea de vata Buftea Ilfov<br />609 Intreprinderea “Filatura de bumbac Baia Mare” Maramures<br />610 Intreprinderea textila “Cazanele” orsova Mehedinti<br />611 Intreprinderea “Tesatoria de bumbac” Sighisoara Mures<br />612 Intreprinderea “Textila Slatina” Olt<br />613 Intreprinderea textila “Ardeleana” Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />614 Intreprinderea “Filatura de bumbac Carei” Olt<br />615 Intreprinderea textila “Tarnava Medias” Sibiu<br />616 Intreprinderea textila “Firul Rosu” Talmaciu Sibiu<br />617 Intreprinderea textila ” 11 Iunie” Cisnadie Sibiu<br />618 Intreprinderea “Filatura de bumbac” Campulung Moldovenesc Suceava<br />619 Intreprinderea “Filatura de bumbac” * Humorului Suceava<br />620 Intreprinderea “Textila Teleorman” Rosiorii de Vede Teleorman<br />621 Intreprinderea “Textila Timisoara” Timis<br />622 Intreprinderea “Textila Lugoj” Timis<br />623 Intreprinderea textila “Bumbacul” Timisoara Timis<br />624 Intreprinderea “Ambalajul metalic” Timisoara Timis<br />625 Intreprinderea “Textila Vaslui” Vaslui<br />626 Intreprinderea textila “Dacia” M. Bucuresti<br />627 Intreprinderea “Industria bumbacului” M. Bucuresti<br />628 Intreprinderea textila “Aurora” M. Bucuresti<br />629 Intreprinderea textila “Suveica” M. Bucuresti<br />630 Intreprinderea textila “7 Noiembrie” M. Bucuresti<br />631 Intreprinderea “Bumbacaria romaneasca Jilava” M. Bucuresti<br />632 Centrala industriei matasii, inului si canepii-Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />633 Intreprinderea textila “Drum Nou” Oradea Bihor<br />634 Intreprinderea textila “Republica” Darste Brasov<br />635 Intreprinderea de matase “Romania *” Cluj -Napoca Cluj<br />636 Intreprinderea textila “Dobrogeana” Constanta Constanta<br />637 Intreprinderea textila “Trainica” Pucioasa Dambovita<br />638 Intreprinderea textila “Navodul” Galati Galati<br />639 Intreprinderea de stofe de mobila si tesaturi tehnice Gheorghieni Harghita<br />640 Intreprinderea ” Filatura de in si canepa” Gheorghieni Harghita<br />641 Intreprinderea “Tesatoria de matase” Deva Hunedoara<br />642 Intreprinderea de matase”Victoria” Iasi Iasi<br />643 Intreprinderea integrata de tesaturi subtiri tip in Pascani Iasi<br />644 Intreprinderea de in si canepa “Textila” Iasi Iasi<br />645 Intreprinderea Filatura si finisajul Balotesti Ilfov<br />646 Intreprinderea textila “Intex” Paulesti Prahova<br />647 Intreprinderea “Tesatoria de matase” Sighisoara Mures<br />648 Intreprinderea de in si canepa Negresti Satu Mare<br />649 Intreprinderea textila “Solidaritatea” Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />650 Intreprinderea textila “Matasea Rosie” Cisnadie Sibiu<br />651 Intreprinderea “Filatura de in si canepa” Falticeni Suceava<br />652 Intreprinderea textila “Garofita” Timisoara Timis<br />653 Intreprinderea textila “Filatura de matase naturala” Lugoj Timis<br />654 Intreprinderea textila “Arta textila” Timisoara Timis<br />655 Intreprinderea “Filatura si tesatoria” Sanicolau Mare Timis<br />656 Intreprinderea textila ” 13 Decembrie” Timisoara Timis<br />657 Intreprinderea de panglici Zimnicea Teleorman<br />658 Intreprinderea de matase “Select” M. Bucuresti<br />659 Intreprinderea de matase “Flamura Rosie” M. Bucuresti<br />660 Intreprinderea de matase “Borangicul” M. Bucuresti<br />661 Intreprinderea de matase “Matasea *” M. Bucuresti<br />662 Intreprinderea de matase “Tesatoriile Reunite” M. Bucuresti<br />663 Intreprinderea de stofe de mobila M. Bucuresti<br />664 Intreprinderea textila “Unirea” M. Bucuresti<br />665 Intreprinderea textila “Industria Iutei” M. Bucuresti<br />666 Intreprinderea de in, canepa “Prodin” M. Bucuresti<br />667 Centrala linii- Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />668 Intreprinderea de stofe “Argeseana” Arges<br />669 Intreprinderea Filatura de lina “Musceleana” Cetateni Arges<br />670 Intreprinderea de postav Buhusi Bacau<br />671 Intreprinderea de postav “Proletarul” Bacau Bacau<br />672 Intreprinderea “Netex” Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />673 Intreprinderea de stofe “Carpatex” Brasov Brasov<br />674 Intreprinderea de postav Prejmer Brasov<br />675 Intreprinderea textila “Octombrie Rosu” Ghimbav Brasov<br />676 Intreprinderea Filatura de lina pieptanata Buzau Buzau<br />677 Intreprinderea integrata de lina Constanta Constanta<br />678 Intreprinderea textila “Independenta” Craiova Dolj<br />679 Intreprinderea “Filatura de lina pieptanata” Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />680 Intreprinderea de volvatir Tg. Neamt Neamt<br />681 Intreprinderea de stofe Sighisoara Mures<br />682 Intreprinderea de stofe “Dorobantul” Ploiesti Prahova<br />683 Intreprinderea de stofe “Filatura de lina pieptanata” Mizil Prahova<br />684 Intreprinderea “Textila” Cisnadie Sibiu<br />685 Intreprinderea “Libertatea” Sibiu Sibiu<br />686 Intreprinderea textila “Dumbrava” Sibiu Sibiu<br />687 Intreprinderea Industria linii Timisoara Timis<br />688 Intreprinderea de palarii “Paltim” Timisoara Timis<br />689 Intreprinderea de palarii “Lux” Periam Timis<br />690 Intreprinderea “Filatura de lina pieptanata” Focsani Vrancea<br />691 Intreprinderea de postav Azuga Prahova<br />692 Intreprinderea “Textila” Grivita M. Bucuresti<br />693 Intreprinderea romana de pisla M. Bucuresti<br />694 Intreprinderea “Filatura de lina piptanata” M. Bucuresti<br />695 Intreprinderea “Munca Textila” M. Bucuresti<br />696 Centrala industriei tricotajelor- Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />697 Intreprinderea de ciorapi Sebes Alba<br />698 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Tricoul rosu” Arad Arad<br />699 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Miorita” Oradea Bihor<br />700 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Brasov Brasov<br />701 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Buzau Buzau<br />702 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Somesul” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />703 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />704 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Toplita Harghita<br />705 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Hunedoara Hunedoara<br />706 Intreprinderea de tricotaje si perdele Pascani Iasi<br />707 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Moldova” Iasi Iasi<br />708 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Unitatea” Sighet Maramures<br />709 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “8 Martie” Piatra neamt Neamt<br />710 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Smirodava” Roman Neamt<br />711 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Caracal Olt<br />712 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Campina Prahova<br />713 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Tricotex” Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />714 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Cehu Silvaniei Salaj<br />715 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Drapelul rosu” Sibiu Sibiu<br />716 Intreprinderea de ciorapi”7 Noiembrie” Sibiu Sibiu<br />717 Intreprinderea de manusi si ciorapi Agnita Sibiu<br />718 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Zimbrul” Suceava Suceava<br />719 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Bucovina” Radauti Suceava<br />720 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “1 Iunie” Timisoara Timis<br />721 Intreprinderea de ciorapi Timisoara Timis<br />722 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Husi Vaslui<br />723 Intreprinderea de tricotaje Focsani Vrancea<br />724 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Crinul” M. Bucuresti<br />725 Intreprinderea “Tricotajul rosu” M. Bucuresti<br />726 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Tanara Garda” M. Bucuresti<br />727 Intreprinderea de tricotaje “Tricodava” M. Bucuresti<br />728 Intreprinderea de ciorapi “Apolo” M. Bucuresti<br />729 Intreprinderea de ace de tricotat M. Bucuresti<br />730 Centrala industriei confectiilor- Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />731 Intreprinderea de confectii Arad Arad<br />732 Intreprinderea de confectii Curtea de Arges Arges<br />733 Intreprinderea de confectii Bacau Bacau<br />734 Intreprinderea de confectii Marghita Bihor<br />735 Intreprinderea de confectii Oradea Bihor<br />736 Intreprinderea de confectii Dorohoi Botosani<br />737 Intreprinderea de confectii Botosani Botosani<br />738 Intreprinderea de confectii Braila Braila<br />739 Intreprinderea de confectii Ramnicu Sarat Buzau<br />740 Intreprinderea de confectii Resita Caras-Severin<br />741 Intreprinderea de confectii “Flacara” Cluj-napoca Cluj<br />742 Intreprinderea de confectii “*” comuna Lumina Constanta<br />743 Intreprinderea de confectii “Targu Secuiesc” Cluj-napoca Covasna<br />744 Intreprinderea de confectii Craiova Dolj<br />745 Intreprinderea de confectii Targu Jiu Gorj<br />746 Intreprinderea de confectii Odorhei Harghita<br />747 Intreprinderea de confectii Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />748 Intreprinderea de confectii Calarasi Ialomita<br />749 Intreprinderea de stofe tricotate si confectii Iasi Iasi<br />750 Intreprinderea de confectii Baia mare Maramures<br />751 Intreprinderea de confectii “Portile de Fier” Drobeta Turnu Severin Mehedinti<br />752 Intreprinderea de confectii “Tarnava” Sighisoara Mures<br />753 Intreprinderea de confectii “Muresul” Tg. Mures Mures<br />754 Intreprinderea de confectii “Mondiala” Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />755 Intreprinderea de confectii “Steaua rosie” Sibiu Sibiu<br />756 Intreprinderea de confectii “Bega” Timisoara Timis<br />757 Intreprinderea de confectii Vaslui Vaslui<br />758 Intreprinderea de confectii Barlad Vaslui<br />759 Intreprinderea de confectii Focsani Vrancea<br />760 Centrala industriei pielariei, cauciucului si incaltamintei -Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />761 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Ardeleana” Alba Iulia Alba<br />762 Intreprinderea de piele si marochinarie “Caprioara” Sebes Alba<br />763 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte si calapoade “Libertatea” Arad Arad<br />764 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte Pitesti Arges<br />765 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Partizanul” Bacau Bacau<br />766 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Solidaritatea” Oradea Bihor<br />767 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Crisul” Oradea Bihor<br />768 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Bihoreana” Marghita Bihor<br />769 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Arta” Oradea Bihor<br />770 Intreprinderea de blanarie “1 Mai” Oradea Bihor<br />771 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Timpuri Noi” Brasov Brasov<br />772 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Clujana” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />773 Intreprinderea “Tabacaria Bucovat” Dolj<br />774 Intreprinderea de blanarie “Vidra” Orastie Hunedoara<br />775 Intreprinderea pentru materiale sportive Reghin Mures<br />776 Intreprinderea de piele si manusi Targu Mures Mures<br />777 Intreprinderea “Tabacaria Minerala Corabia” Olt<br />778 Intreprinderea de piele “Poporul” Ploiesti Prahova<br />779 Intreprinderea de piele “Drum Nou” Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />780 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “8 Mai” Medias Sibiu<br />781 Intreprinderea de piele, incaltaminte si marochinarie “13 Decembrie” Sibiu Sibiu<br />782 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte Agnita Sibiu<br />783 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Staruinta” Suceava Suceava<br />784 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Banatul” Timisoara Timis<br />785 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Modern” Timisoara Timis<br />786 Intreprinderea romana de piele Timisoara Timis<br />787 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte Jimbolia Timis<br />788 Intreprinderea de calapoade Lugoj Timis<br />789 Intreprinderea de piele si manusi Timisoara Timis<br />790 Intreprinderea de nasturi Jimbolia Timis<br />791 Intreprinderea de mase plastice “Dermatina” Timisoara Timis<br />792 Intreprinderea de mase plastice si incaltaminte “Victoria” Timis<br />793 Intreprinderea de spume poliuretanice Timisoara Timis<br />794 Intreprinderea “Pretim” Timisoara Timis<br />795 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte Husi Vaslui<br />796 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte Ramnicu Valcea Valcea<br />797 Intreprinderea de talpa si incaltaminte din cauciuc Dragasani Valcea<br />798 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Pionierul” M. Bucuresti<br />799 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Flacara Rosie” M. Bucuresti<br />800 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Carmen” M. Bucuresti<br />801 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Republica” M. Bucuresti<br />802 Intreprinderea de piele si incaltaminte “Tehnica Noua” M. Bucuresti<br />803 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte cauciuc U.C.R M. Bucuresti<br />804 Intreprinderea de piele sintetica M. Bucuresti<br />805 Intreprinderea de bunuri de consumdin cauciuc Jilava M. Bucuresti<br />806 Intreprinderea de nasturi si mase plastice M. Bucuresti<br />807 Intreprinderea de incaltaminte “Progresul” M. Bucuresti<br />808 Intreprinderea “Tabacaria minerala” Jilava M. Bucuresti<br />809 Intreprinderea “Prefin” M. Bucuresti<br />810 Intreprinderea Antilopa M. Bucuresti<br />811 Centrala industriei sticlei si ceramicii fine -Bucuresti-activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />812 Intreprinderea de portelan de menaj Alba Iulia Alba<br />813 Intreprinderea de portelan de menaj Curtea de Arges Arges<br />814 Intreprinderea de sticlarie “Padurea Neagra” Alesd Bihor<br />815 Intreprinderea de sticlarie de menaj Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />816 Intreprinderea de sticlarie si portelan Dorohoi Botosani<br />817 Intreprinderea de exploatare miniera Miorcani Botosani<br />818 Intreprinderea de sticlarie de menaj Berca Buzau<br />819 Intreprinderea de geamuri Buzau Buzau<br />820 Intreprinderea de sticlarie Turda Cluj<br />821 Intreprinderea de sticlarie menaj Gherla Cluj<br />822 Intreprinderea de portelan”Iria” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />823 Intreprinderea de sticlarie de menaj Targu Jiu Gorj<br />824 Intreprinderea de faianta si sticlarie Baia Mare Maramures<br />825 Intreprinderea de sticlarie si faianta Sighisoara Mures<br />826 Intreprinderea de geamuri Tarnaveni Mures<br />827 Intreprinderea de sticlarie Azuga Prahova<br />828 Intreprinderea de sticlarie Prahova Ploiesti Prahova<br />829 Intreprinderea pentru exploatarea si prelucrarea materialelor metalifere Valenii de Munte Prahova<br />830 Intreprinderea de geamuri Scaieni Prahova<br />831 Intreprinderea de sticlarie “Victoria muncii” Poiana Codrului Satu Mare<br />832 Intreprinderea de sticlarie “Vitrometan” Medias Sibiu<br />833 Intreprinderea de sticlarie Avrig Sibiu<br />834 Intreprinderea de geamuri Medias Sibiu<br />835 Intreprinderea de sticlarie de menaj Suceava Suceava<br />836 Intreprinderea de sticlarie Tomesti Timis<br />837 Intreprinderea de articole de sticlarie Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />838 Intreprinderea de fire si tesaturi din fire de sticla M. Bucuresti<br />839 Centrala industriei articolelor casnice- Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />840 Intreprinderea “Bunuri metalice” Arad Arad<br />841 Intreprinderea de ceasuri “Victoria” Arad Arad<br />842 Intreprinderea “Aradeanca” Arad Arad<br />843 Intreprinderea “Metalica” Oradea Bihor<br />844 Intreprinderea de mase plastice “Viitorul” Oradea Bihor<br />845 Intreprinderea de pensule Cluj -Napoca Cluj<br />846 Intreprinderea “11 Iunie” Galati Galati<br />847 Intreprinderea de paruri Sighet Maramures<br />848 Intreprinderea de vase emailate Sighisoara Mures<br />849 Intreprinderea “Jiul” Bals Olt<br />850 Intreprinderea “Flacara” Ploiesti Prahova<br />851 Intreprinderea de masini casnice emailate “23 August” Satu Mare<br />852 Intreprinderea “Emailul rosu” Medias Sibiu<br />853 Intreprinderea de cutite Ocna Sibiului Sibiu<br />854 Intreprinderea “Flamura rosie” Sibiu Sibiu<br />855 Intreprinderea “Metalurgica” M. Bucuresti<br />856 Intreprinderea “Inox” M. Bucuresti<br />857 Consiliul culturii si educatiei socialiste- Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />858 Intreprinderea poligrafica Bacau Bacau<br />859 Intreprinderea poligrafica Crisana Bihor<br />860 Intreprinderea poligrafica Brasov Brasov<br />861 Intreprinderea poligrafica Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />862 Intreprinderea poligrafica Oltenia Craiova Dolj<br />863 Intreprinderea poligrafica Galati Galati<br />864 Intreprinderea poligrafica Iasi Iasi<br />865 Intreprinderea poligrafica Banat Timisoara Timis<br />866 Intreprinderea poligrafica Sibiu Sibiu<br />867 Intreprinderea poligrafica “13 Decembrie 1918″ M. Bucuresti<br />868 Intreprinderea poligrafica “Informatia” M. Bucuresti<br />869 Intreprinderea poligrafica “Arta grafica” M. Bucuresti<br />870 Intreprinderea poligrafica “Filaret” M. Bucuresti<br />871 Intreprinderea poligrafica “Buletinul Oficial” M. Bucuresti<br />872 Casa de discuri “Electrecord” M. Bucuresti<br />873 Intreprinderea Mecanica Poligrafica M. Bucuresti<br />874 Centrala de mecanizare a agriculturii si productiei de utilaje pentru agricultura si industria alimentara- Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />875 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Arad Arad<br />876 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Botosani Botosani<br />877 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />878 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Navodari Constanta<br />879 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Tecuci Galati<br />880 Intreprinderea de ambalaje din metal pentru agricultura si industria alimentara Tecuci Galati<br />881 Intreprinderea “Tehnoutilaj” odorhei Harghita<br />882 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Iasi Iasi<br />883 Intreprinderea de ambalaje si piese de schimb pentru agricultura si industriei alimentare Buftea Ilfov<br />884 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Bals Olt<br />885 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Sibiu Sibiu<br />886 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Rosiorii de Vede Teleorman<br />887 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Timisoara Timis<br />888 Intreprinderea mecanica a agriculturii si industriei alimentare Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />889 Intreprinderea de utilaje si piese de schimbpentru agricultura si industrie alimentara Chitila M. Bucuresti<br />890 Intreprinderea poligrafica “Luceafarul” M. Bucuresti<br />891 Centrala pentru valorificarea cerealelor si producerea nutreturilor combinate -Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />892 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Arad Arad<br />893 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Costesti Arges<br />894 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Bacau Bacau<br />895 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Oradea Bihor<br />896 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Palota Bihor<br />897 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Tinca Bihor<br />898 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Leorda Botosani<br />899 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Codlea Brasov<br />900 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Braila Braila<br />901 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Urleasca Braila<br />902 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Ramnicu Sarat Buzau<br />903 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Sahateni Buzau<br />904 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />905 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Iclod Cluj<br />906 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Ovidiu Constanta<br />907 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Poarta Alba Constanta<br />908 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Bailesti Dolj<br />909 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Craiova Dolj<br />910 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Segarcea Dolj<br />911 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Titu Dambovita<br />912 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Galati Galati<br />913 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Orastie Hunedoara<br />914 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Calarasi Ialomita<br />915 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Ciulnita Ialomita<br />916 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Fetesti Ialomita<br />917 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Iasi Iasi<br />918 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Crevedia Ilfov<br />919 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Giurgiu Giurgiu<br />920 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Oltenita Giurgiu<br />921 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Peris Ilfov<br />922 Intreprinderea pentru fabricatie si reparatii Peris Ilfov<br />923 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />924 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Iernut Mures<br />925 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Roman Neamt<br />926 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Caracal Olt<br />927 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Ploisti Prahova<br />928 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />929 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Sibiu Sibiu<br />930 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Veresti Suceava<br />931 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Alexandria Teleorman<br />932 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Beregsau Timis<br />933 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Birda Timis<br />934 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Focsani Vrancea<br />935 Intreprinderea pentru producerea nutreturilor combinate Sabaru M. Bucuresti<br />936 Centrala pentru legume si fructe -Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />937 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Arad Arad<br />938 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Baiculesti Arges<br />939 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Topoloveni Arges<br />940 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Oradea Bihor<br />941 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Valea lui Mihai Bihor<br />942 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Fagaras Brasov<br />943 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Vadeni Braila<br />944 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Priscov Buzau<br />945 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Dej Cluj<br />946 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Constanta Constanta<br />947 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Pucioasa Dambovita<br />948 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Calafat Dolj<br />949 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Tecuci Galati<br />950 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Hateg Hunedoara<br />951 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Fetesti Ialomita<br />952 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Oltenita Giurgiu<br />953 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Buftea Ilfov<br />954 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Giurgiu Giurgiu<br />955 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Baia Mare Maramures<br />956 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Targu Mures Mures<br />957 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Caracal Olt<br />958 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Valenii de munte Prahova<br />959 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Suceava Suceava<br />960 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Turnu Magurele Teleorman<br />961 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Timisoara Timis<br />962 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Tulcea Tulcea<br />963 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Husi Vaslui<br />964 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si industrializarea legumelor si fructelor Riureni Valcea<br />965 Intreprinderea de produse alimentare -Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />966 Centrala viei si vinului- Bucuresti-activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />967 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Alba Iulia Alba<br />968 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Arad Arad<br />969 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Pitesti Arges<br />970 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Bacau Bacau<br />971 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Oradea Bihor<br />972 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />973 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Botosani Botosani<br />974 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Brasov Brasov<br />975 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Braila Braila<br />976 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Buzau Buzau<br />977 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Resita Caras-Severin<br />978 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />979 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Constanta Constanta<br />980 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Sf. Gheorghe Covasna<br />981 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Targoviste Dambovita<br />982 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Craiova Dolj<br />983 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Galati Galati<br />984 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Targu Jiu Gorj<br />985 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />986 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Deva Hunedoara<br />987 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Calarasi Ialomita<br />988 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Iasi Iasi<br />989 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Ilfov-Bucuresti Ilfov<br />990 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Baia Mare Maramures<br />991 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Drobeta Turnu Severin Mehedinti<br />992 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Targu Mures Mures<br />993 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />994 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Slatina Olt<br />995 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Ploiesti Prahova<br />996 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />997 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Zalau Salaj<br />998 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Sibiu Sibiu<br />999 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Suceava Suceava<br />1000 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Rosiorii de Vede Teleorman<br />1001 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Timisoara Timis<br />1002 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Tulcea Tulcea<br />1003 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Husi Vaslui<br />1004 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Dragasani Valcea<br />1005 Intreprinderea viei si vinului Focsani Vrancea<br />1006 Intreprinderea de vinuri si rachiuri Bucuresti Est M. Bucuresti<br />1007 Intreprinderea de vinuri si sampanie “Zarea” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1008 Centrala industrializarii carnii – Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1009 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Alba Alba<br />1010 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Arad Arad<br />1011 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Pitesti Arges<br />1012 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Bacau Bacau<br />1013 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Oradea Bihor<br />1014 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />1015 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Botosani Botosani<br />1016 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Brasov Brasov<br />1017 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Braila Braila<br />1018 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Buzau Buzau<br />1019 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Resita Caras-Severin<br />1020 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />1021 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Constanta Constanta<br />1022 Frigoriferul portuar Constanta Constanta<br />1023 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Sf. Gheorghe Covasna<br />1024 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Targoviste Dambovita<br />1025 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Craiova Dolj<br />1026 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Galati Galati<br />1027 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Tg. Jiu Gorj<br />1028 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />1029 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Deva Hunedoara<br />1030 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Calarasi Ialomita<br />1031 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Iasi Iasi<br />1032 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Ilfov Buc. Ilfov<br />1033 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Baia Mare Maramures<br />1034 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />1035 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Tg. Mures Mures<br />1036 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />1037 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Slatina Olt<br />1038 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Ploiesti Prahova<br />1039 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />1040 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Zalau Salaj<br />1041 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Sibiu Sibiu<br />1042 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Suceava Suceava<br />1043 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Alexandria Teleorman<br />1044 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Timisoara Timis<br />1045 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Tulcea Tulcea<br />1046 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Birlad Vaslui<br />1047 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Ramnicu-Valcea Valcea<br />1048 Intreprinderea de industrializarea carnii Focsani Vrancea<br />1049 Intreprinderea “Antefrig” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1050 Intreprinderea “Abatorul” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1051 Intreprinderea de produse si conserve de carne Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1052 Centrala industrializarii laptelui -Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1053 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Alba Iulia Alba<br />1054 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Arad Arad<br />1055 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Pitesti Arges<br />1056 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Bacau Bacau<br />1057 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Oradea Bihor<br />1058 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Bistrita Bistrita-Nasaud<br />1059 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Botosani Botosani<br />1060 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Brasov Brasov<br />1061 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Braila Braila<br />1062 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Buzau Buzau<br />1063 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Resita Caras-Severin<br />1064 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />1065 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Constanta Constanta<br />1066 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Sfintu Gheorghe Covasna<br />1067 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Targoviste Dambovita<br />1068 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Craiova Dolj<br />1069 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Galati Galati<br />1070 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Tg. Jiu Gorj<br />1071 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />1072 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Simeria Hunedoara<br />1073 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Slobozia Ialomita<br />1074 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Iasi Iasi<br />1075 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Ilfov- Bucuresti Ilfov<br />1076 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Baia Mare Maramures<br />1077 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />1078 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Tg. Mures Mures<br />1079 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />1080 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Slatina Olt<br />1081 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Ploiesti Prahova<br />1082 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Satu- Mare Satu -Mare<br />1083 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Simleul Silvaniei Salaj<br />1084 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Sibiu Sibiu<br />1085 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Suceava Suceava<br />1086 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Alexandria Teleorman<br />1087 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Timisoara Timis<br />1088 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Tulcea Tulcea<br />1089 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Vaslui Vaslui<br />1090 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Ramnicu Valcea Valcea<br />1091 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Focsani Vrancea<br />1092 Intreprinderea de industrializare a laptelui Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1093 Centrala productiei industrializarii sfeclei de zahar – Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1094 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Arad Arad<br />1095 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Sascut Bacau<br />1096 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Bucecea Botosani<br />1097 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Bod Brasov<br />1098 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Buzau Buzau<br />1099 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Podari Dolj<br />1100 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Pascani Iasi<br />1101 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Giurgiu Giurgiu<br />1102 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Urziceni Ilfov<br />1103 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Tandarei Ialomita<br />1104 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Targu Mures Mures<br />1105 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Oradea Bihor<br />1106 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Ludus Mures<br />1107 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Roman Neamt<br />1108 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Corabia Olt<br />1109 Intreprinderea pentru industrializarea sfeclei de zahar Timisoara Timis<br />1110 Intreprinderea de produse zaharoase Brasov Brasov<br />1111 Intreprinderea de produse zaharoase “Feleacul” Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />1112 Intreprinderea de produse zaharoase “Cerna” Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />1113 Intreprinderea de produse zaharoase “Victoria” Sibiu Sibiu<br />1114 Intreprinderea de produse zaharoase “Kandia” Timisoara Timis<br />1115 Intreprinderea de produse zaharoase Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1116 Centrala berii, spirtului si amidonului -Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1117 Intreprinderea de spirt si drojdie Arad Arad<br />1118 Intreprinderea de bere Pitesti Arges<br />1119 Intreprinderea de bere spirt si drojdie Margineni Bacau<br />1120 Intreprinderea de bere spirt si drojdie Oradea Bihor<br />1121 Intreprinderea de bere si amidon Braila Braila<br />1122 Intreprinderea de bere “Aurora” Brasov Brasov<br />1123 Intreprinderea de bere si spirt Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />1124 Intreprinderea de bere Constanta Constanta<br />1125 Intreprinderea de spirt Sfantu Gheorghe Covasna<br />1126 Intreprinderea de amidon si glucoza Targu Secuiesc Covasna<br />1127 Intreprinderea de bere Galati Galati<br />1128 Intreprinderea de bere spirt si amidon Sinsimion Harghita<br />1129 Intreprinderea de bere si malt Hateg Hunedoara<br />1130 Intreprinderea de bere si spirt Iasi Iasi<br />1131 Intreprinderea de drojdie “Seineana” Seini Maramures<br />1132 Intreprinderea de bere si spirt “Banovita” Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />1133 Intreprinderea de bere Reghin Mures<br />1134 Intreprinderea de bere si amidon “Steagu Rosu” Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />1135 Intreprinderea de bere Azuga Prahova<br />1136 Intreprinderea de bere Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />1137 Intreprinderea de bere si amidon Sibiu Sibiu<br />1138 Intreprinderea de bere spirt si amidon Radauti Suceava<br />1139 Intreprinderea de bere Timisoara Timis<br />1140 Intreprinderea de bere spirt si drojdie – Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1141 Intreprinderea de bere Rahova – Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1142 Intreprinderea de bere Grivita – Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1143 Intreprinderea de bere Bragadiru – Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1144 Centrala uleiului -Bucuresti – activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1145 Intreprinderea de ulei “Interindustrial” Oradea Bihor<br />1146 Intreprinderea de ulei Constanta Constanta<br />1147 Intreprinderea de ulei “Oltenia” Podari Dolj<br />1148 Intreprinderea de ulei “Prutul” Galati Galati<br />1149 Intreprinderea de ulei Slobozia Ialomita<br />1150 Intreprinderea de ulei “Unirea” Iasi Iasi<br />1151 Intreprinderea de ulei Urziceni Ilfov<br />1152 Intreprinderea de ulei “Ardealul” Carei Satu Mare<br />1153 Intreprinderea de ulei Rosiorii de Vede Teleorman<br />1154 Intreprinderea de ulei Barlad Vaslui<br />1155 Intreprinderea de ulei “13 Decembrie” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1156 Centrala productiei si industrializarii tutunului -Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1157 Intreprindetre de tigarete Ramnicu Sarat Buzau<br />1158 Intreprindetre de tigarete Sfantu Gheorghe Covasna<br />1159 Intreprindetre de tigarete Targu Jiu Gorj<br />1160 Intreprindetre de tigarete Iasi Iasi<br />1161 Intreprindetre de tigarete Timisoara Timis<br />1162 Intreprindetre de cultura si fermentarea tutunului Ocna Mures Alba<br />1163 Intreprindetre de cultura si fermentarea tutunului Arad Arad<br />1164 Intreprindetre de cultura si fermentarea tutunului Craiova Dolj<br />1165 Intreprindetre de cultura si fermentarea tutunului Urziceni Ilfov<br />1166 Intreprindetre de cultura si fermentarea tutunului Carei Satu Mare<br />1167 Intreprindetre de cultura si fermentarea tutunului Barlad Vaslui<br />1168 Centrala productiei si industrializarii pestelui -Ilfov -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Ilfov<br />1169 Intreprinderea piscicola Arad Arad<br />1170 Intreprinderea piscicola Cefa Bihor<br />1171 Intreprinderea piscicola Botosani Botosani<br />1172 Intreprinderea piscicola Braila Braila<br />1173 Intreprinderea piscicola Luciu Buzau<br />1174 Intreprinderea piscicola Cluj-Napoca Cluj<br />1175 Intreprinderea piscicola Constanta Constanta<br />1176 Intreprinderea piscicola Calafat Dolj<br />1177 Intreprinderea piscicola Galati Galati<br />1178 Intreprinderea piscicola Calarasi Ialomita<br />1179 Intreprinderea piscicola Iasi Iasi<br />1180 Intreprinderea piscicola Zau de Campie Mures<br />1181 Intreprinderea piscicola Bercu Satu Mare<br />1182 Intreprinderea piscicola Zimnicea Teleorman<br />1183 Intreprinderea piscicola Urseni Timis<br />1184 Intreprinderea piscicola Carja Vaslui<br />1185 Centrala Delta Dunarii – Tulcea- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate Tulcea<br />1186 Intreprinderea de constructii si reparatii de nave si utilaje Tulcea Tulcea<br />1187 Intreprinderea de industrializare a pestelui Tulcea Tulcea<br />1188 Intreprinderea piscicola Macin Tulcea<br />1189 Centrala industriala de morarit, decorticat, panificatie si produse fainoase -Bucuresti- activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1190 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Alba Iulia Alba<br />1191 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Arad Arad<br />1192 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Pitesti Arges<br />1193 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Bacau Bacau<br />1194 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Oradea Bihor<br />1195 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Bistrita Bistrita Nasaud<br />1196 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Botosani Botosani<br />1197 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Resita Caras-Severin<br />1198 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Sfantu Gheorghe Covasna<br />1199 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Targoviste Dambovita<br />1200 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Targu Jiu Gorj<br />1201 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Miercurea Ciuc Harghita<br />1202 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Deva Hunedoara<br />1203 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Slobozia Ialomita<br />1204 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Ilfob Buc. Ilfov<br />1205 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Baia Mare Maramures<br />1206 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Drobeta Turnu-Severin Mehedinti<br />1207 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Piatra Neamt Neamt<br />1208 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Zalau Salaj<br />1209 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Suceava Suceava<br />1210 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Tulcea Tulcea<br />1211 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Barlad Vaslui<br />1212 Intreprinderea de morarit si panificatie Valcea Valcea<br />1213 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Brasov Brasov<br />1214 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Constanta Constanta<br />1215 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Galati Galati<br />1216 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Iasi Iasi<br />1217 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Targu Mures Mures<br />1218 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Slatina Olt<br />1219 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Ploiesti Prahova<br />1220 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Satu Mare Satu Mare<br />1221 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Sibiu Sibiu<br />1222 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Alexandria Teleorman<br />1223 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Focsani Vrancea<br />1224 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1225 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Braila Braila<br />1226 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Craiova Dolj<br />1227 Intreprinderea de morarit, panificatie si produse fainoase Timisoara Timis<br />1228 Trustul inului, canepii si bumbacului – Bucuresti -activitatea proprie a centralei si a unitatilor cu gestiune economica fara personalitate juridica direct subordonate M. Bucuresti<br />1229 Intreprinderea de in Mangalia Constanta<br />1230 Intreprinderea de in Reci Covasna<br />1231 Intreprinderea de in Joseni Harghita<br />1232 Intreprinderea de in Ulmeni Maramures<br />1233 Intreprinderea de in Ploiestiori Prahova<br />1234 Intreprinderea de in Cirta Sibiu<br />1235 Intreprinderea de in Ghindari Mures<br />1236 Intreprinderea de in Sighisoara Mures<br />1237 Intreprinderea de cinepa Iratosu Arad<br />1238 Intreprinderea de cinepa Palota Bihor<br />1239 Intreprinderea de cinepa Buzau Buzau<br />1240 Intreprinderea de cinepa Ludus Mures<br />1241 Intreprinderea de cinepa Sagna Neamt<br />1242 Intreprinderea de cinepa Dumbraveni Sibiu<br />1243 Intreprinderea de cinepa Sinicolaul Mare Timis<br />1244 Intreprinderea de cinepa Vaslui Vaslui<br />1245 Intreprinderea de cinepa Alexandria Teleorman<br />1246 Intreprinderea de in si cinepa Beclean Bistrita Nasaud<br />1247 Intreprinderea de in si cinepa Carei Satu Mare<br />1248 Intreprinderea de in si cinepa Suceava Suceava<br />1249 Intreprinderea pentru producerea si valorificarea bumbacului Brinceni Teleorman<br />1250 Intreprinderea de de pescuit oceanic “NAVROM” Tulcea Tulcea<br />1251 Intreprinderea “PROTAN” Bucuresti M. Bucuresti<br />1252 Intreprinderea “Didactica M. Bucuresti<br />1253 Monetaria Statului M. Bucuresti<br />1254 Imprimeria Bancii Nationale M. Bucuresti<br />1255 Intreprinderea “Frigocom” M. Bucuresti<br />1256 Intreprinderea de produse ortopedice si protezare Bucureşti</div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /><span style="color: #3b5998; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.0999984741211px;"><b><u>http://www.ziar15minute.net/2013/04/04/impresionant-lista-intreprinderilor-romanesti-distruse-de-guvernele-post-decembriste/</u></b></span></span></span>John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-87965575324073390922014-08-04T10:20:00.001+03:002014-08-04T15:14:18.105+03:00Poland.<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="420" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/ykBTvP6ZX9s" width="720"></iframe><br />
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Every August 1st, the city of Warsaw in Poland freezes for one minute to commemorate the loss of 200,000 Polish civilian lives as a result of the Warsaw Uprising during World War II. The Warsaw Uprising was led by Polish home forces to free the city of Warsaw from Nazi Germany. This is that day caught on film. <br /><br /><a href="http://www.warsawuprising.com/">http://www.warsawuprising.com/</a>John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-59799194884573944202014-07-30T15:21:00.001+03:002014-07-30T15:21:34.270+03:00Iliescu.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Via <a href="http://www.theteaparty.net/" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank">www.TheTeaParty.net</a> John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-76966697552108020172014-07-28T09:38:00.002+03:002014-07-28T09:38:49.013+03:00It is better to be alone than in bad company. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Am lamurit-o si pe asta, domnu' Blaga..<br /><br /><br /> For "it is better to be alone than in bad company." 56th Rule of Civility & Decent Behavior - George Washington </span><br /><a href="http://www.foundationsmag.com/civility.html" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank"><span>http://</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break"></span><span>www.foundationsmag.com/</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break"></span>civility.html</a>John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4110656463361875899.post-84715746059977730642014-07-19T05:42:00.001+03:002014-07-19T05:42:14.299+03:00Oameni si oameni.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Oameni si oameni.</div>
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<br />John Galthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11670530869331524090noreply@blogger.com11